VARIASI HOLDING TIME SUHU AKTIVASI KARBON AKTIF DARI TEMPURUNG KLUWAK (PANGIUM EDULE) SEBAGAI ELEKTRODA PADA SUPERKAPASITOR

Abstract

Abstrak Karbon aktif merupakan material yang berpotensi untuk dijadikan sebagai elektroda pada superkapasitor karena memiliki luas permukaan yang besar dan ukuran pori dalam skala nano. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi holding time pada saat proses aktivasi karbon aktif dari tempurung kluwak terhadap ukuran pori (nm), luas permukaan (m2/g), dan nilai kapasitansi (mF/g). Proses pembuatan karbon aktif terdiri dari 3 tahap yaitu dehidrasi, karbonasi, dan aktivasi. Dehidrasi dilakukan pada suhu 110˚C selama 24 jam. Proses karbonasi dilakukan pada suhu 500˚C selama 2 jam. Setelah proses karbonasi, dilakukan uji proximate dan didapatkan kandungan fixed carbon 77,1%. Suhu aktivasi penelitian adalah 800˚C dengan holding time 3 jam, 5 jam, 7 jam, 9 jam, dan 11 jam. Hasil uji BET diperoleh ukuran pori terkecil 0,114 nm dan luas permukaan terbesar 2924,132 m2/g pada sampel yang diaktivasi selama 9 jam. Hasil uji voltametri diperoleh nilai kapasitansi terbesar pada sampel yang diaktivasi selama 9 jam, yaitu 192,8 mF/g. Hasil pengujian SEM menunjukkan adanya sponge pada morfologi sampel. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, holding time saat proses aktivasi mempengaruhi ukuran pori (nm), luas permukaan (m2/g), dan nilai kapasitansi (mF/g) dari karbon aktif. Kata Kunci : superkapasitor, tempurung kluwak, holding time, karbon aktif Abstract Activated carbon was a material that had the potential to be used as electrodes in supercapacitors because it was a large surface area and pore size in the nanoscale. This study was conducted to determine the effect of variations in holding time during the activation process the activated carbon from the shell of kluwak to the pore size (nm), the surface area (m2/g), and capacitance (mF/g). The process of making activated carbon consists of 3 stages: dehydration, carbonation, and activation. Dehydration was carried out at 110˚C for 24 hours. Carbonation process was carried out at a temperature of 500˚C for 2 hours. Temperature activation in this study was 800˚C with a holding time 3 hours, 5 hours, 7 hours, 9 hours, and 11 hours. The result of BET test was obtained by the smallest pore size of 0.114 nm and the largest surface area of 2924.132 m2/g in samples activated for 9 hours. The result of Voltametry test was obtained on samples of the largest capacitance value, which was activated during 9 hours, that was 192.8 mF/g. The result of SEM test was indicate a sponge to the sample of morphology. Based on research that has been done, holding time when the activation process for active carbon to be affects of the pore size (nm), the surface area (m2/g), and the capacitance value (mF/g. Keywords : supercapacitors, shell of kluwak, holding time, activated carbon