The Repair System in English Chats through WhatsApp: A Conversation Analysis between Tour Guide and Foreign Tourists in Bromo
Sistem Perbaikan dalam Percakapan Bahasa Inggris melalui WhatsApp: Analisis Percakapan antara Pemandu Wisata dan Wisatawan Mancanegara di Bromo
Keywords:
Conversation Analysis, Structural Inaccuracies, Repair Mechanisms, Sequence Organization, WhatsApp Communication, Tourism CommunicationAbstract
English as a global language enables communication among people from different linguistic backgrounds, including in the tourism industry. This study aims to identify the types of structural inaccuracies in English WhatsApp conversations between Indonesian tour guides and foreign tourists, examine the repair mechanisms used to address these inaccuracies, and analyze how sequence organization is maintained during interaction. This study employed a qualitative approach using Conversation Analysis (CA). The data consisted of authentic WhatsApp conversations between Indonesian tour guides and foreign tourists, which were analyzed through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings identified eight types of structural inaccuracies: run-on sentences, missing auxiliaries, missing subjects, tense inconsistency and fragmentation, lexical inaccuracies, morphological errors, and article and preposition errors. Despite these inaccuracies, communication remained effective because participants prioritized meaning over grammatical accuracy. The findings also show that participants employed repair mechanisms, such as clarification requests, confirmation, interpretation, negotiation, and implicit repair, to maintain mutual understanding. In addition, sequence organization was successfully maintained through confirmation, repair, negotiation, question–answer, planning, and request–response sequences. Overall, the study concludes that successful communication in tourism-related WhatsApp interactions depends more on shared contextual understanding and interactional competence than on grammatical accuracy.
Bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa global memfasilitasi komunikasi antarindividu dengan latar belakang bahasa yang berbeda, termasuk dalam industri pariwisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis ketidaktepatan struktural dalam percakapan WhatsApp berbahasa Inggris antara pemandu wisata Indonesia dan wisatawan mancanegara, mengkaji mekanisme perbaikan yang digunakan untuk mengatasi ketidaktepatan tersebut, serta menganalisis bagaimana organisasi urutan interaksi dipertahankan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode Analisis Percakapan (Conversation Analysis/CA). Data penelitian berupa percakapan WhatsApp autentik antara pemandu wisata Indonesia dan wisatawan mancanegara, yang dianalisis melalui tahapan kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi delapan jenis ketidaktepatan struktural: kalimat *run-on* (kalimat yang menyambung tanpa tanda baca atau kata penghubung yang tepat), hilangnya kata kerja bantu (*auxiliary*), hilangnya subjek, ketidakkonsistenan dan fragmentasi kala (*tense*), ketidaktepatan leksikal, kesalahan morfologis, serta kesalahan penggunaan artikel dan preposisi. Meskipun terdapat ketidaktepatan tersebut, komunikasi tetap berjalan efektif karena para partisipan lebih mengutamakan penyampaian makna dibandingkan akurasi tata bahasa. Temuan penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa partisipan menggunakan berbagai mekanisme perbaikan seperti permintaan klarifikasi, konfirmasi, interpretasi, negosiasi, dan perbaikan implisit untuk menjaga saling pengertian. Selain itu, organisasi urutan interaksi berhasil dipertahankan melalui urutan konfirmasi, perbaikan, negosiasi, tanya-jawab, perencanaan, serta permintaan dan tanggapan. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa keberhasilan komunikasi dalam interaksi WhatsApp terkait pariwisata lebih bergantung pada pemahaman kontekstual bersama dan kompetensi interaksional daripada akurasi tata bahasa.
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