KOHESI SUBSTITUSI DALAM TEKS BERITA BERBAHASA JERMAN

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Cohesion is a fundamental aspect of discourse because it links linguistic elements into a unified and comprehensible text. In journalistic discourse, cohesive devices are particularly important since news reports must present information concisely, objectively, and coherently while maintaining continuity of meaning. One grammatical cohesive device that contributes to textual cohesion is substitution. Through substitution, writers avoid unnecessary repetition by replacing previously mentioned linguistic elements with semantically related forms. This study aims to identify the forms of substitution used as grammatical cohesive devices in German-language news texts published by Deutsche Welle in 2024 and to explain their functions in establishing discourse cohesion. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach using textual discourse analysis. The data consist of linguistic units containing substitution markers found in three Deutsche Welle news articles discussing the conflict in Sudan and the resulting humanitarian crisis. Data were analyzed based on Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) theory of grammatical cohesion through identifying substitution forms, classifying their types, and interpreting their cohesive functions within the discourse context. The findings reveal that nominal substitution is the most frequently used form. The use of substitution not only reduces lexical repetition but also maintains topic continuity, strengthens relationships between sentences, improves the efficiency of information delivery, and supports the concise and communicative style characteristic of journalistic writing. Furthermore, substitution reflects an effective information-presentation strategy that enables journalists to communicate complex issues clearly and systematically without reducing the accuracy or coherence of the intended meaning.

Keywords: grammatical cohesion, substitution, news text, Halliday and Hasan.

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