FUNGSI SINTAKSIS PREPOSISI "IN" DAN "AUF" PADA DONGENG "DAS KLEINE KÄNGURU UND SEINE FREUNDE" KARYA PAUL MAAR

Abstract

This study presents a contrastive analysis of the syntactic functions of the German prepositions in and auf in the fairy tale Das kleine Känguru und seine Freunde by Paul Maar. As Wechselpräpositionen (two-way prepositions), both in and auf can govern either the Dative or the Accusative case depending on the sentence context, a duality that remains a persistent source of difficulty for learners of German. This study aims to (1) describe the syntactic functions of in and auf as Ergänzung (obligatory complement) and Angabe (optional adjunct), and (2) analyze the case-selection patterns of both prepositions based on their correlation with verbs. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, with data collected through a reading and note-taking technique from all twelve stories in the source text, yielding 208 data points containing in and auf. Data were analyzed through three stages: determining the grammatical case, identifying the syntactic function based on the theories of Helbig and Buscha (2001) and Engel's valency theory (1993) through three criteria (Notwendigkeitskriterium, Fragekriterium, and Verbgebundenheit), and conducting a contrastive analysis of case distribution, syntactic functions, and verb correlations. The findings reveal that both prepositions function as Ergänzung, comprising Situativergänzung, Direktivergänzung, and Präpositivergänzung, as well as Angabe, comprising Lokalangabe, Temporalangabe, and Modalangabe. The Dative case correlates with static-position verbs, whereas the Accusative correlates with motion verbs. The fundamental semantic distinction between the two prepositions lies in containment (in) and surface contact (auf). These findings are expected to contribute to concept-based teaching of Wechselpräpositionen.

Keywords: syntactic function, in, auf, Wechselpräpositionen

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