Dampak Latihan Penguatan dan Peregangan dalam Perbaikan Posture Tubuh: Sebuah Systematic Review

Abstract

Combined muscle strengthening and stretching exercise programmes are often recommended to correct postural abnormalities such as forward head posture, rounded shoulders, and kyphosis. However, the role of each remains a matter of debate. The main objective of this study is to highlight the frequent recommendation of strengthening and stretching to correct postural abnormalities through a systematic review. This study employed a systematic review method by searching leading journal databases such as Science Direct and PubMed. The inclusion criteria in this study were articles published in the last ten years (2015–2025) related to corrective exercises, imbalance posture (forward head posture, rounded shoulders, excessive kyphosis, lordosis), exercise therapy, stretching exercises, and strengthening exercises. The exclusion criteria in this study were articles published in non-leading journals. The researchers selected and analyzed 10 articles that met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A meta-analysis (2024) concluded that strengthening exercises can improve spinal and neck posture, while stretching exercises did not show significant effects. Strengthening exercises are better than stretching exercises. Several other studies on adults with forward head posture showed that exercises emphasizing neck and scapular strengthening/stabilization significantly improved forward head posture. From this review of the research, it was concluded that strengthening exercises should be the primary exercise for people with posture problems, while stretching exercises should still be performed as a supplement for mobility or symptom reduction.