PENGARUH LAMA WAKTU FERMENTASI TERHADAP YIELD DAN KUALITAS BIOETANOL DARI UMBI GANYONG

Abstract

Basically, types of root crops such as canna tubers have high carbohydrate levels that have the potential to produce bioethanol. The production of bioethanol consists of several stages of production, one of which is the fermentation process. This process tends to increase the quality and quantity of bioethanol. This study aims to improve the quality and calculate the yield of bioethanol from the raw material of canna tubers. Using the experimental method with 500 grams of canna tubers as raw materials, 1000 ml of water, 20 grams of NPK fertilizer and 14 grams of yeast, then fermented under anaerobic conditions with variations in soaking time, namely 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days. ethanol and calculate the yield value to get the best variation of the immersion, then produce large-scale bioethanol with 3 steps of distillation, including: a liebig condenser without adsorbent. distillation on the distillation plate, and adding limestone adsorbent. The results of the distillation process are tested for quality based on the Director General of EBTKE Number: 722K/10/DJE/2013. This study showed that the best soaking time for fermentation with raw materials of 500 grams of canna and 1000 ml of water was 6 days which resulted in a volume of 850 ml of bioethanol solution with an ethanol content of 11.64% and a calculated yield of 36.48%. Furthermore, by producing on a large scale (30 times) until a multilevel distillation process is carried out six times to obtain a volume of 2300 ml of bioethanol solution, it produces 99.6% ethanol content, and a calculated yield value of 87%. Characteristics of methanol content 0.01%-v, water content 0.04%-v, copper content 0 mg/kg, acidity as acetic acid 0.01 mg/L, clear colorless appearance, density 0.7906 gr/cm3 , calorific value 7126.5 Kcal/kg, flash point 11.8°C, and viscosity 0.681 CSP.

Keywords: canna tubers, fermentation, bioethanol quality.