STUDI EKSPERIMENTAL PENGARUH VARIASI JARAK NOZZLE TERHADAP DAYA DAN EFISIENSI PADA TURBIN PELTON

Abstract

The increasing population will affect the amount of energy consumption needed by each country. The limitations of fossil energy sources and the resulting pollution have led humans to develop alternative energy sources that are environmentally friendly and renewable. Micro Hydro Power Plant (MHP) is a small-scale power plant that utilizes water energy as an energy source. Pelton turbine is one type of turbine from MHP that functions to convert water potential energy into mechanical energy from turbine rotation to produce electricity. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of nozzle distance variation on the most optimal power and efficiency of the pelton turbine. This research uses an experimental method by varying the nozzle spacing of 25 mm, 50 mm, and 75 mm on a pelton turbine. The blades used are single bowl shaped totaling 8 blades which will be tested with a variation of water capacity of 0.001854 m3/s, 0.002005 m3/s, 0.002434 m3/s, and 0.003114 m3/s using a nozzle with a diameter of 25.4 mm. The loading variations tested were 5 kilograms, 10 kilograms, 15 kilograms and so on until the turbine stopped rotating. The results of this study on the variation of nozzle spray distance of 25 mm, 50 mm, and 75 mm, the highest power is found at a nozzle spray distance of 50 mm of 51.19743703 watts with a flow capacity of 0.003114 m3/s at 40 kg loading and the highest efficiency is also found at a nozzle spray distance of 50 mm with a flow capacity of 0.001854 m3/s at 10 kg loading with an efficiency value of 72.49%.

 Keywords: Power, Efficiency, Nozzle Distance, Pelton Turbine.