STUDI EKSPERIMENTAL PENGARUH VARIASI JUMLAH SUDU BERPENAMPANG SEGITIGA TERHADAP DAYA DAN EFISIENSI TURBIN PELTON

Abstract

The generation of electricity from conventional energy sources is increasingly threatened as these resources diminish over time. Small-scale hydroelectric power plants (PLTMH) offer a solution to address the scarcity of conventional energy sources. Among PLTMH turbines, the Pelton turbine stands out for its economical use in low-head applications. The aim of this research is to determine the optimal number of triangular blades for Pelton turbines to achieve maximum power output and efficiency. The study employs an experimental method by varying the number of blades (10, 12, and 14) on a 110⁰ triangular-blade Pelton turbine. The experiment uses an 8 mm diameter nozzle with a 50 mm distance, and varies water flow rates through a globe valve opening: 0.001854 m³/s, 0.002005 m³/s, 0.002434 m³/s, 0.003114 m³/s. Additionally, load variations include 5 kg, 10 kg, and 15 kg increments until turbine stoppage. Based on test results and data analysis, the highest power output, 46.26 Watts, was achieved with 12 blades at a water flow rate of 0.003114 m3/s and a load of 25 kg. Similarly, the best efficiency, 72.22%, was also observed with 12 blades at a water flow rate of 0.001854 m³/s and a load of 10 kg.

Keywords:Pelton Turbine, Triangular Blade, Number Of Blades, Pelton Turbine Performance.