PENGARUH VARIASI KOMPOSISI BAHAN BAKU SEKAM PADI, BONGGOL JAGUNG DAN PEREKAT TAPIOKA TERHADAP KUALITAS DAN PERFORMA PEMBAKARAN BRIKET BIOMASSA

Abstract

Abstrak
Permintaan akan energi fosil selalu bertambah dikarebakan pertambahan total manusias serta naiknya ekonomi yang
terjadi dari hari-kehari. Langkah ini perlu segera diikuti dengan pengembangan sumber energi alternatif yang bisa
diperbarui. Briket biomassa menjadi pilihan opsi bahan bakar padat karena memiliki peluang tinggi sebagai asal dari
energi alternatif. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan limbah pertanian berupa serbuk sekam padi dan serbuk bonggol jagung
sebagai bahan baku pembuatan briket. Pemilihan ini didasarkan pada ketersediaannya yang melimpah, mudah diperoleh,
ramah lingkungan, ekonomis, cepat diperbarui, serta belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Penelitian dilakukan
menggunakan metode eksperimental untuk menentukan komposisi terbaik briket biomassa dengan variasi bahan baku
serbuk arang sekam padi dan serbuk arang bonggol jagung (30% : 70%, 25% : 75%, dan 20% : 80%) yang dicampur
dengan perekat tapioka pada komposisi 7% dan 10%. Pengujian kualitas briket mengacu pada standar SNI 01-6235-2000,
mencakup aspek kadar air, kadar abu, nilai kalor, kadar zat terbang, kadar karbon terikat, serta uji indeks kehancuran
untuk mengevaluasi ketahanan fisiknya. Setelah di uji didapatkan data bahwa komposisi optimal diperoleh dari variasi
bahan baku 25% : 75% dengan perekat 7%, menghasilkan nilai kalor sebesar 5281,66 kal/gram. Karakteristik lainnya
meliputi kadar air 0,07%, kadar abu 0,312%, kadar zat terbang 0,813%, kadar karbon terikat 98,8%, dan indeks
kehancuran 0,08%. Seluruh sampel variasi memenuhi standar SNI 01-6235-2000, kecuali pengujian variasi bahan baku
25% : 75% dengan perekat 10%, yang menunjukan data nilai kalor sebesar 4933,77 kal/gram.
Kata Kunci: Biomassa, briket, sekam padi, bonggol jagung, tepung tapioka

Abstract
The demand for fossil energy is always increasing due to the total increase in human population and economic growth
that occurs day by day. This step needs to be immediately followed by the development of alternative renewable energy
sources. Biomass briquettes are the solid fuel option because they have a high chance of being a source of alternative
energy. This research uses agricultural waste in the form of rice husk powder and corn cob powder as raw materials for
making briquettes. This selection is based on its abundant availability, easy to obtain, environmentally friendly,
economical, quickly updated, and not yet utilized optimally. The research was carried out using experimental methods to
determine the best composition of biomass briquettes with variations in the raw materials of rice husk charcoal powder
and corncob charcoal powder (30% : 70%, 25% : 75%, and 20% : 80%) mixed with tapioca adhesive. composition 7%
and 10%. Briquette quality testing refers to the SNI 01-6235-2000 standard, including aspects of water content, ash
content, calorific value, volatile matter content, bound carbon content, as well as a destruction index test to evaluate its
physical durability. After testing, data was obtained that the optimal composition was obtained from variations in raw
materials of 25%: 75% with 7% adhesive, resulting in a calorific value of 5281.66 cal/gram. Other characteristics include
water content of 0.07%, ash content of 0.312%, volatile matter content of 0.813%, bound carbon content of 98.8%, and
destruction index of 0.08%. All variation samples meet SNI 01-6235-2000 standards, except for testing raw material
variations 25%: 75% with 10% adhesive, which shows heating value data of 4933.77 cal/gram.
Keywords: Biomass, briquettes, rice husks, corn cobs, tapioca flour