PENGARUH VARIASI FEED RATE TERHADAP AKURASI PEMOTONGAN MESIN CNC ROUTER PORTABEL 3 AXIS MENGGUNAKAN KONTROL MACH3 DAN MOTOR STEPPER NEMA 23

Abstract

Abstrak

Kemajuan teknologi di era modern mendorong efisiensi dan inovasi dalam industri manufaktur. Salah satunya adalah teknologi Computer Numerical Control (CNC). Salah satu parameter penting dalam proses pemotongan menggunakan CNC adalah kecepatan pemakanan (feed rate).Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi feed rate terhadap akurasi pemotongan pada mesin CNC Router portabel 3 axis yang dikendalikan menggunakan perangkat lunak Mach3 dan motor stepper Nema 23. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode eksperimental di laboratorium mesin K7 vokasi UNESA dengan menggunakan material akrilik jenis cast dan alat potong endmill berdiameter 6 mm. Pengujian dilakukan dengan tiga variasi kecepatan pemakanan (feed rate): 50, 100, dan 150 mm/menit. Setiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali dan hasil pemotongan diukur menggunakan jangka sorong digital. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa pada feed rate 50 mm/menit, diperoleh akurasi rata-rata 99,69% dengan waktu proses 5 menit 49 detik; feed rate 100 mm/menit menghasilkan akurasi 99,55% dalam 2 menit 58 detik; sedangkan feed rate 150 mm/menit mencapai akurasi 99,51% dalam waktu 2 menit. Simpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi feed rate, akurasi cenderung menurun namun waktu pengerjaan menjadi lebih cepat.

Kata Kunci: CNC Router, Kecepatan Pemakanan, Mach3, Portabel, Stepper Nema 23

Abstract

Technological advancement in the modern era encourages efficiency and innovation in the manufacturing industry. One such advancement is Computer Numerical Control (CNC) technology. A key parameter in CNC machining processes is the feed rate. This study aims to determine the effect of feed rate variation on cutting accuracy using a 3-axis portable CNC Router controlled by Mach3 software and Nema 23 stepper motors. The research was conducted using an experimental method at the K7 mechanical laboratory of UNESA Vocational School, utilizing cast acrylic as the workpiece material and a 6 mm diameter endmill as the cutting tool. The testing was carried out with three feed rate variations: 50, 100, and 150 mm/min. Each treatment was repeated three times, and the resulting cuts were measured using a digital caliper. The test results showed that at a feed rate of 50 mm/min, an average accuracy of 99.69% was achieved with a machining time of 5 minutes 49 seconds; at 100 mm/min, an accuracy of 99.55% was achieved in 2 minutes 58 seconds; and at 150 mm/min, an accuracy of 99.51% was recorded in 2 minutes. The conclusion of this study indicates that as the feed rate increases, cutting accuracy tends to decrease, although the machining time becomes shorter.line spacing of 1 space. 

Keywords: CNC Router, Feed Rate, Mach3, Portable, Nema 23 Stepper Motor