Jurnal Teknik Mesin https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa <p><strong>JURNAL TEKNIK MESIN (JTM)</strong> is media of information and a forum for the study of mechanical engineering.&nbsp; Contains scientific papers, summaries of research results, literature reviews of student of graduate Mechanical Engineering UNESA.</p> en-US jtm_ft_unesa@yahoo.co.id (Priyo Heru Adiwibowo, ST, MT) nurainisusanti29@gmail.com (Nur Aini Susanti, S.Pd., M.Pd) Thu, 07 Mar 2024 08:48:43 +0000 OJS 3.1.1.0 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 STUDI EKSPERIMENTAL PENGARUH RASIO PANJANG UJUNG SUDU PADA PLAT L DENGAN DIAMETER TURBIN TERHADAP DAYA DAN EFISIENSI PADA TURBIN PELTON https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/58971 <p style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 18.15pt 0in 28.35pt;"><em><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">The increasing need for energy from electricity also creates problems, namely the availability of energy from fossils which is already in short supply. By utilizing renewable energy sources such as PLTMH, it is hoped that it will be able to replace energy that is not environmentally friendly. The Pelton turbine is a type of water turbine that utilizes the potential water height (head) and uses a small water discharge as a source of power to drive the turbine. In this research, the aim is to find the best ratio of the blade tip length on the L plate to the turbine diameter which is capable of producing the largest turbine power and the best efficiency. The method used in this research is the experimental method which varies the ratio 0, ratio 0.0295, ratio 0.0887 and ratio 0.1479. The turbine used has a specification of 8 blades which are then tested on varying water flow capacities, namely 0.001854, 0.002005, 0.002434, and 0.003114 in m3/s units. This turbine has a nozzle diameter of 25.4 mm and a spray distance from the turbine of 50 mm diameter. Then also use loading variations to obtain turbine power and turbine efficiency. Among the variation of ratios in this study, the one that obtained the largest turbine power was a ratio of 0.0887 at 0.003114 m3/s flow load capacity with a load given of 40 kg and 45.87 Watts of power. The most optimal efficiency is also obtained at a ratio of 0.0887 when 0.002005 m3/s of water flow capacity and given a load of 15 kg has an efficiency of 53.70%. It can also be concluded that the ratio of 0.0887 shows the most optimal results by obtaining the highest power and efficiency for each variation of water flow capacity. Meanwhile, the 0 ratio turbine contains the lowest power and turbine efficiency compared to other ratio turbines.</span></em></p> <p style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 18.15pt 0in 28.35pt;"><em><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Keywords: Turbine, Pelton, Ratio of L Plate Blade Tip Length to Turbine Diameter, Pelton Turbine Performance.</span></em></p> Kharisma Ramadhan, Priyo Adiwibowo ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/58971 Fri, 08 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000 STUDI EKSPERIMEN PENGARUH CAMPURAN PERTALITE DENGAN BIOETANOL DARI KULIT PISANG RAJA (MUSA PARADISIACA) TERHADAP KADAR GAS BUANG SEPEDA MOTOR HONDA VARIO 125CC TAHUN 2021 https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/59061 <p><em>In this modern era, the amount of transportation in the world, especially motorized vehicles in Indonesia, is increasing, which results in high exhaust gas levels, so environmentally friendly fuel is needed. Therefore, alternative fuels are needed whose characteristics are similar to gasoline fuel and have low exhaust gas levels, namely vegetable fuels or bioethanol. It is hoped that the use of bioethanol can replace or be a mixture of fossil fuels and reduce environmental pollution. The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of using a mixture of pertalite and bioethanol from plantain peels on exhaust gas levels on the 2021 Honda Vario 125cc motorbike. This type of research is experimental research. The fuel used is pertalite (E0) and a mixture of bioethanol from plantain peel (Musa Paradisiaca) (E10, E20, E30, E40, E50, E60, and E70). Exhaust gas levels tested include: O<sub>2</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and HC. Testing of engine exhaust gas levels is guided by SNI 19-7118.3-2005 (idle conditions) and is continued with experimental testing starting at engine speed (2500rpm-8500rpm) with a range of 1000rpm. Data analysis uses quantitative descriptive methods. The results of exhaust gas emission testing of a mixture of pertalite fuel and plantain peel bioethanol showed that the lowest O<sub>2</sub> exhaust gas content was at lambda 0.94, amounting to 0.86% vol. The highest CO<sub>2</sub> gas content was at lambda 1.03 at 14.49%vol. The lowest CO exhaust gas content at lambda 1.10 was 0.64%vol. The lowest HC exhaust gas level was 1.11 at 176 ppm. So, it can be concluded that the best emission levels are in the E50 fuel mixture with the highest average reduction in CO emission levels of 30.43% and HC at 30.82%, while the highest increase in CO<sub>2</sub> exhaust gas levels is 11.42% and O<sub>2</sub> the lowest was 2.32% in the E10 mixture when compared to pure pertalite.</em></p> <p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>plantain peel, bioethanol, biopertalite, exhaust gas levels</em></p> Slamet Fauzy, Muhaji Muhaji ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/59061 Wed, 20 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000 PENGARUH BIOPERTALITE DARI UMBI PORANG (AMORPHOPHALLUS ONCOPHYLLUS) TERHADAP KINERJA MESIN HONDA VARIO 125CC TAHUN 2021 https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/59088 <p><em>The increasing number of motorised vehicles as public transport has resulted in increased demand for fuel oil, while petroleum reserves are decreasing every year. Sustainable use of renewable fuels is needed to reduce dependence on the use of fuel oil, namely by utilising tuber starch into bioethanol. Bioethanol produced from tuber starch, one of which is porang tuber starch, contains about 35% oxygen so that it has a high octane number and can be used as an additive to fuel oil to reduce exhaust emissions. This study aims to analyse the effect of pure pertalite fuel and biopertalite of&nbsp; porang tuber on the performance of Honda Vario 125 cc motorcycle engine in 2021 (torque, effective power/wheel power, fuel consumption, average effective pressure, and thermal efficiency). Honda Vario 125cc experimental test engine in 2021 using chassis dynamometer instrument test equipment. Engine performance testing using SAE J1349 testing standards full open throttle valve test method with engine speed variations from 3000 rpm to 9000 rpm. Data analysis using quantitative descriptive method. The results of the engine performance testing showed that E50 had the greatest effect. This is evidenced by the torque of 12</em><em>,</em><em>22 Nm at 5000 rpm, effective power/wheel power of 10</em><em>,</em><em>57 HP at 8000 rpm, </em><em>bmep</em><em> of </em><em>12,54</em><em> kgf/cm2 at 5000 rpm, and thermal efficiency of 20</em><em>,20</em><em>% at 4000 rpm.</em></p> <p><strong><em>K</em></strong><strong><em>eywords</em></strong><strong><em>: </em></strong><em>pertalite, bioethanol, biopertalite, porang tuber, engine performance</em></p> Ambrosius Yunianto, Muhaji Muhaji ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/59088 Fri, 22 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000 PRODUKSI DAN UJI KARAKTERISTIK BIOETANOL DARI KULIT PISANG RAJA (MUSA PARADISIACA) https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/59151 <p><em>The rapid increase in the number of vehicles has led to a corresponding rise in fuel demand, especially for gasoline. Bioethanol is one of the alternative fuels that can serve as a solution to replace or mix with gasoline. The peel of the Cavendish banana can be utilized as a raw material for bioethanol production due to its carbohydrate content. The objective of this study is to analyze the volume and ethanol content produced from the distillation process using pumice stone as an adsorbent with variations in mesh sizes of 60, 70, and 80. A 5% alcohol solution is used to simulate the fermentation results of Cavendish banana peels, which is then distilled five times. In the third distillation, variations in the mesh sizes of the pumice stone (60, 70, and 80) are introduced, and the optimal size will be used for subsequent distillation. The results of this study indicate that the optimal pumice stone size is mesh 70, yielding 188 ml of distillation with an ethanol content of 87.9%.</em></p> <p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong><em>: </em></strong><em>bioethanol, banana peels, pumice stone</em></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> Ahmad Hakim, Muhaji Muhaji ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/59151 Mon, 01 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000 EVALUASI KONSUMSI ENERGI PADA OPERASI KOMPRESOR MENGGUNAKAN ENERGY PERFORMANCE INDICATOR TYPE ENGINEERING MODEL BASE ON ISO 50006 https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/60022 <p>In this paper, a prediction tool for the analysis method for energy consumed, energy used in Oil and Gas company equipment, namely the Gas Turbine Compressor using linear regression and the proposed Energy Performance Indicator (EnPI). This EnPI not only considers the results of energy savings but also determines operating parameters which have factors that must be considered by reviewing the 4 variations in this research, namely Tdischarge, Tsuction, Zfactor (Compressibility) and Specific Gravity. The results of research conducted at NPU Pertamina Hulu Mahakam show that there is good agreement between estimated energy consumption and real energy consumption for the model developed from 4 variations. This also shows the effectiveness of the proposed EnPI as a management and energy saving tool in the company below. Due to the complexity of the proposed model, to obtain basic data and estimate the potential energy savings by probabilistic methods were used. This is statistically shown by the determination index (R2 &gt; 0.85) and the formation of linear regression results on the benchmark value.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: Energy Management, EnPI, EnB, ISO 50006</strong></p> Dimas Putra, Mochammad Effendy ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/60022 Sun, 02 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000 PROSES PERSIAPAN NANOFLUIDA HYBRID Al2O3 – TiO2 PADA DOUBLE PIPE HEAT EXCHANGERS https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/60599 <p><em>The development of industrial world 4.0 has a quite significant role. One of the main examples in industry is the heat transfer process. In the heat transfer process it is mapped into several categories, such as in cooling units which play a large role in industry. One example of a heat transfer medium that is often used in industrial development engineering is a double tube heat exchanger. In general, the working fluid used in heat exchange media is a conventional fluid (water, ethylene glycol, oil) which has basic thermal conductivity values. Hybrid nanofluids are the main solution and a new breakthrough in dealing with problems in working fluids with relatively high thermal conductivity characteristics. The initial treatment carried out in using Hybrid Nanofluids is treatment of the nanoparticles using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) on the nanoparticles used. In the advanced process there is Nanoparticle Preparation treatment, Dispersion / Mixing Nanoparticles with Base Fluid treatment, Hybrid Nanofluid Sonification treatment, and Hybrid Nanofluid Testing in a double tube heat exchanger. Determining the quality and optimization scale of Hybrid Nanofluids is not only influenced by the volume concentration value but also the working temperature used. Thus, it can be concluded that the treatment of the Al2O3 - TiO2 Hybrid Nanofluid is the main factor in determining the value of the heat transfer rate and the effectiveness value of the double tube heat exchanger.</em></p> <p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong><em>: Double Pipe Heat Exchanger, Hybrid Nanofluid, Volume Fraction, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub></em></strong></p> Muchlas Hidayatulloh, Made Arsana ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/60599 Thu, 13 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000 PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN METANOL PADA BAHAN BAKAR PERTALITE TERHADAP EMISI GAS BUANG SEPEDA MOTOR YAMAHA NMAX 2020 https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/61180 <p><em>Current natural conditions are very worrying because global warming is caused by human activities which are not balanced with efforts to protect the environment. One of the human activities that causes global warming is the use of motorized vehicles that use fossil fuels and incomplete combustion processes. In Indonesia the fuel commonly used is gasoline. The high fuel consumption and levels of exhaust emissions using fossil fuels can basically be controlled by using alternative fuels, one of which is methanol (CH<sub>3</sub>OH). The aim of this research is to find out how much influence the mixture of methanol and pertalite fuel has on exhaust emissions on the 2020 Yamaha NMAX motorbike. This research is an experimental study with variations of petalite and methanol fuel mixtures (M<sub>0</sub>, M<sub>10</sub>, M<sub>20</sub>, M<sub>30</sub>, and M<sub>40</sub>) using a 2020 Yamaha NMAX motorbike. The standard characteristic tests for methanol and petalite mixtures carried out are the ASTM D1298 density test and the ASTM</em><em> D445 viscosity test</em><em>, ASTM D240 heating value, ASTM D93 flash point, and ASTM D2699 standard octane value. Engine exhaust emissions testing to determine the O<sub>2</sub>, CO, CO<sub>2</sub>, and HC gas content of the best fuel mixture. The engine exhaust emission testing method is guided by SNI 09-7118.3-2005, carried out at throttle body opening conditions from engine idle to high speed (1500 rpm-9500 rpm) with a range of 1000 rpm. Data analysis uses quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods. The results of research into the mixture of perlite and methanol fuel on Yamaha NMAX motorbikes in 2020 showed that the highest increase in O<sub>2</sub> emission levels was M<sub>30</sub> fuel at lambda 1.17 of 28.03% vol with an average increase of 19.13% vol. The highest increase in CO<sub>2</sub> emission levels was M<sub>30</sub> fuel at lambda 0.97 of 11.45% vol with an average increase of 8.54% vol. The greatest reduction in CO emission levels was M<sub>30</sub> fuel at lambda 1.21 of 28.85% vol with an average decrease of 17.78% vol. Meanwhile, HC emission levels experienced the largest decrease, namely M<sub>30</sub> fuel at lambda 1.04 amounting to 25.22% ppm with an average decrease of 14.87%.</em></p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong><em>methanol, fuel mixture, exhaust gas emissions</em></p> Muhammad Rohman, Priyo Adiwibowo ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/61180 Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000 PENGARUH VARIASI ANYAMAN SERAT DAN RESIN TERHADAP KEKUATAN TARIK DAN KEKUATAN BENDING KOMPOSIT SANDWICH SERAT KARBON DENGAN CORE HONEYCOMB https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/61286 <p>Abstrak <br>Penelitian ini dilakukan karena banyaknya keluhan pengguna skateboard tentang papan yang cepat rusak<br>karena pelapukan. Penggunaan material kayu sebagai bahan pembuatan papan skateboard memiliki bobot<br>yang terhitung berat dan kelemahan yang tidak tahan terhadap air. Dari berbagai macam keluhan yang ada,<br>penulis menjadi tertarik untuk meneliti alteratif lain untuk bahan pembuatan papan skateboard yang memiliki<br>keunggulan lain seperti menggunakan material hasil komposit dengan serat karbon dan resin jenis epoxy<br>serta polyester. <br>Metode penelitian iyang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian eksperimen. Material komposit ini<br>menggunakan matriks resin polyester yukalac BQTN 157 – EX dengan campuran katalis Methyl Ethyl Keton<br>Peroxide (MEKP) dikarenakan memiliki harga murah dan memiliki sifat mekanik yang tinggi dan resin<br>Epoxy bisphenol a-epiclolohydin dengan hardener polyminoaimide. Penguat yang digunakan dalam<br>pembuatan komposit ini menggunakan anyaman serat karbon dikarenakan masih sedikit nya penelitian<br>mengenai penguat tersebut dan penggunaan nya untuk aplikasi pembuatan papan skateboard yang masih<br>sangat sedikit. Dalam pembuatan material komposit ini peneliti membandingkan antara jenis resin yang<br>digunakan dan jenis anyaman dari serat karbon yang digunakan. Pembuatan komposit ini menggunakan<br>metode Hand lay-up dengan tujuan untuk meminimalkan budget sehingga ketika sudah jadi harga jual dari<br>papan skate board tidak kalah saing karena terlalu mahal harganya. <br>Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa semakin panjang jarak anyaman maka nilai kekuatan tarik dan<br>keuatan bending semakin menurun. Begitupula untuk jenis variasi resin yang digunakan mendapatkan nilai<br>kekuatan yang berbeda dengan signifikan. Nilai kekuatan tarik anyaman plain menggunakan resin epoxy<br>mendapatkan hasil uji 38,07 MPa. Sedangkan untuk jenis anyaman twill dengan resin epoxy mendapatkan<br>hasil uji 36,50 MPa. Untuk variasi anyaman plain dengan resin polyester mendpatkan kekuatan tarik 36,92<br>MPa, sedangkan untuk anyaman twill dengan resin polyester mendapatkan nilai sebesar 28,49 MPa. <br>Kekuatan bending yang di dapatkan dari penelitian yang saya lakukan dengan variasi anyaman plain resin<br>epoxy mendapatkan hasil 20,71 MPa, kemudian untuk anyaman twill resin epoxy mendapatkan hasil 19,30<br>MPa. Sementara itu untuk variasi anyaman plain dan resin polyester mendapatkan hasil nilai 5,65 MPa dan<br>jenis anyaman twill dengan resin polyester mendapatkan nilai 4,96 MPa. <br>Untuk hasil penelitian yang mendapatkan pengujian dengan nilai tertinggi diperoleh pada variasi jenis<br>anyaman plain dengan resin epoxy yang mendapatkan kekuatan tarik 38,07 MPa dan kekuatan bending 20,71 <br>MPa <br>Kata kunci: Komposit Sandwich, Bending, Tarik, Serat Karbon, Hand Lay-up</p> Hary Prasetya Nugraha, Novi Sukma drastiawati ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/61286 Wed, 26 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000 ANALISIS PENGARUH CAMPURAN BAHAN BAKAR METANOL DENGAN PERTALITE TERHADAP UNJUK KERJA MESIN SEPEDA MOTOR YAMAHA NMAX TAHUN 2020 https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/61301 <p><em>Refinement and development of petrol motorbikes to increase motorbike engine performance by adding supporting components. Modifications can be made by adding a fuel mixture that has a higher octane and can effectively increase engine performance. There is a need for alternative fuel in the form of methanol which can improve fuel quality and motorbike engine performance to at least slightly reduce excess fuel consumption. The aim of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of the Pertalite and Methanol fuel mixture on engine performance (torque, power, effective pressure, fuel consumption, thermal efficiency) with the mixtures being M0, M10, M20, M30, M40 and M50. By using an engine speed of 3000 rpm– 9500 rpm with a range of 500 rpm. The research uses a changing speed testing method on a fully open carburetor valve (Full Open Throttle Valve) with a full transmission position which is guided by the SAE J 1349 standard. Meanwhile for testing fuel consumption using SNI 7554:2010, fuel density using ASTM D1298 standards, viscosity ASTM D445 fuel, ASTM D240 heating value, ASTM D93 flash point and ASTM D2699 standard octane value. The results of the density characteristic test, fuel viscosity (M0, M10, M20, M30, M40, M50) increase as the methanol concentration increases, but the heating value and flash point of the fuel decrease as the methanol concentration increases. Meanwhile, the results of engine performance testing using fuel (M0, M10, M20, M30, M40, M50) show that M40 has the greatest influence. This is proven by a torque of 1.26 kgf.m at an engine speed of 6000 rpm, an effective power of</em></p> <p><em>12.4 HP at an engine speed of 8000 rpm, an average effective pressure of 132104.5 kg.m-2 at an engine speed of 3500 rpm.The fuel consumption rate is 0.36 liters/hour, and the thermal efficiency is 1.1% at 3000 rpm on the M30.</em></p> <p><em>&nbsp;</em><strong><em>Keywords : </em></strong><em>metanol, pertalite, NMAX 2020, machine performance.</em></p> Moch Fahrizal, Priyo Adiwibowo ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/61301 Thu, 27 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000 ANALISA PENGARUH PERLAKUAN PANAS T6 TERHADAP KEKERASAN ALUMINIUM AL6061 UNTUK APLIKASI VELG SEPEDA MOTOR https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/61425 <p>Abstrak<br>Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan nilai kekerasan dari material Al-6061 yang akan digunakan sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan velg motor. Peningkatan kekerasan material dilakukan dengan cara diberi perlakuan panas T6. Selain itu penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk meneliti nilai kekerasan material Al-6061 yang dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan panas T6. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi positif bagi UKM yang beroperasi pada bidang tersebut serta berkontribusi di bidang pendidikan.<br>Metode penelitian ini menggunakkan jenis penelitian eksperimen. Material yang digunakan adalah aluminium 6061 dikarenakan memiliki keunggulan harga yang lebih murah, ringan, mudah dibentuk, bersifat non magnet, ratio terhadap beban tinggi, tidak mudah terkena korosi sehingga dapat ditingkatkan sifat mekanisnya dengan melakukan perlakuan panas T6. Material dilakukan Solution heat treatment, Proses ini merupakan pemanasan logam aluminium dalam dapur pemanas, yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang mendekati larutan homogen. Tahap kedua yaitu quenching yang bertujuan agar larutan padat homogen yang terbentuk pada proses solution heat treatment dan kekosongan keseimbangan atom dalam keseimbangan thermal pada temperatur tinggi tetap pada tempatnya. Tahap ketiga yaitu artificial aging, proses ini merupakan pemanasan kembali larutan padat jenuh ke suatu temperatur di bawah garis solvus dan dibiarkan pada temperatur tersebut selama jangka waktu tertentu yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan nilai kekerasan.<br>Pengujian pada penelitian ini menggunakan pengujian kekerasan menggunakan standart DIN 50103 untuk mengetahui nilai kekerasan pada material. Penelitian ini diharapkan terdapat peningkatan kualitas bahan Al6061 sehingga dapat menjadikan alternatif bahan pembuatan velg sepeda motor .<br>Kata Kunci : Al6061, Heat Treatment T6, Artificial Aging, Kekerasan.<br><br></p> Nafi Refranda Rasyiid, Akhmad Hafizh Ainur Rasyiid ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/61425 Fri, 28 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000 PENGARUH KARBON AKTIF 60 MESH TERHADAP KADAR LOGAM NIKEL PADA LIMBAH INDUSTRI ELEKTROPLATING https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/61427 <p>Abstrak<br>Kehidupan masyarakat modern tidak bisa terlepas dari benda-benda yang dibuat dengan proses elektroplating. Selain menghasilkan produk yang berguna dan menghasilkan limbah padat dan cair salah satunya Limbah Nikel (Ni) yang berbahaya karena bersifat karsinogen. Metode Filtrasi dinilai efektif, murah dan sederhana serta dapat digunakan di industri dalam skala kecil dan besar. pengunaan karbon aktif dengan metode filtrasi dapat menurunkan kadar logam pada limbah sehingga Peneliti tertarik untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Karbon Aktif 60 komersil tempurung kelapa 60 mesh Terhadap kadar logam Ni. maka dirasa perlu melakukan penelitian penggunaan karbon aktif komersial tempurung kelapa berukuran 60 mesh sebagai media filtrasi untuk menurunkan kadar logam Ni.<br>Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian eksperimen. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan analisis kadar logam Ni pada limbah elektroplating dan Pengaruh karbon aktif komersil tempurung kelapa dengan ukuran 60 mesh dan sebagai media filtrasi limbah industri elektroplating. Proses filtrasi menggunakan karbon aktif komersil dari tempurung kelapa 200 gram, dimasukan pada kromatografi kolom dengan mengatur kecepatan 3,6 L/jam. Hasil penyaringan ditampung dan dilakukan pengujian menggunakan spektrofotometer serapan atom untuk mengetahui kadar Ni pada limbah dan hasil filtrasi..<br>Konsentrasi kadar Ni tanpa perlakuan sebesar 179,70 mg/L dan menurun pada perlakuan karbon aktif ukuran 60 mesh dengan kadar Ni 75,23 mg/L.<br>Kata kunci : Limbah Industri Elektroplating, Karbon aktif, Nikel , Besi, pH, Tempurung kelapa. Karbon aktif Komersial</p> Alif Bagus Tadji Santoso, Bellina Bagus Yunitasari ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/61427 Fri, 28 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000 PENGARUH KARBON AKTIF 60 MESH TERHADAP KADAR LOGAM KROMIUM PADA LIMBAH INDUSTRI ELEKTROPLATING https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/61429 <p>Abstrak<br>Industri elektroplating menghasilkan dampak negatif berupa limbah yang mana memiliki kandungan logam <br>kromium yang berbahaya bagi manusia jika melebihi standar yang diperbolehkan. Peneliti tertarik melakukan<br>penelitian filtrasi pada limbah industri elektroplating yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang pengaruh karbon<br>aktif 60 mesh terhadap kadar logam kromium. <br>Dalam penelitian ini metode penelitiannya adalah jenis metode penelitian eksperimen dan teknik analisis data<br>yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif deskriptif, dimana akan dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh filtrasi karbon<br>aktif komersil tempurung kelapa pada limbah elektroplating dengan menggunakan karbon aktif ukuran 60 mesh.<br>Proses filtrasi akan menggunakan kolom kromatografi dengan kecepatan aliran nya dikontrol pada 3,6 L/jam. Hasil<br>filtrasi akan dilakukan pengujian menggunakan uji Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (SSA) untuk mengetahui<br>pengaruh filtrasi pada kadar kromium sehingga dapat dianalisa dan diketahui efisiensi filtrasi tersebut <br>Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa pengaruh filtrasi karbon aktif ukuran 60 mesh pada limbah industri<br>elektroplating menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda tetapi signifikan. Hasil penurunan terbaik didapatkan dengan nilai<br>penurunan 76,72 mg/L dengan nilai efisiensinya 50,04 % dan penurunan terendah terjadi dengan nilai 92,96 mg/L<br>dengan nilai efisiensinya 32,47%. Perubahan kadar logam kromium membuktikan bahwa permukaan dengan<br>struktur pori karbon aktif mampu memfilter limbah industri elektroplating. <br>Kata Kunci : Limbah industri elektroplating, karbon aktif, kromium, timbal, TDS, filtrasi, SSA</p> Purwo Rio Umbara, Bellina Yunitasari ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/61429 Fri, 28 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000 SIMULASI NUMERIK VARIASI SUDUT SUDU BERPENAMPANG V TERHADAP DAYA DAN EFISIENDI TURBIN CROSSFLOW POROS HORIZONTAL https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/61469 <p><em>Energy is the biggest driving factor for the progress of a country. As a result, humans are increasingly developing environmentally friendly alternative energy sources that are renewable. Micro Hydro Power Plants (PLTMH) are small-scale power plants that harness the potential energy of water. Crossflow water turbines are components of PLTMH that convert the potential energy of water into kinetic energy, thereby generating electricity. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of varying the blade angle with a V-shaped profile on the power and efficiency of horizontal shaft crossflow turbines. This research uses numerical simulation methods to determine the power and efficiency of turbines by varying the blade angles at 120°, 117.5°, 115°, 112.5°, and 110° with a V-shaped profile. Variations in water capacity are 9.572 L/s, 11.024 L/s, 14.322 L/s, 16.152 L/s, and 18.113 L/s, and Reynolds number variations are 7.94x10^4, 9.14x10^4, 1.18x10^5, 1.33x10^5, and 1.50x10^5. In this study, the turbine with a blade angle variation of 112.5° and a capacity of 18.113 L/s achieved the highest power output of 5.019 Watts. The most optimal efficiency was observed at a blade angle variation of 112.5° and a capacity of 9.572 L/s, yielding an efficiency of 58.60%. The simulation also shows the turbine's performance through velocity contour and velocity streamline. The simulation results demonstrate that varying the V-shaped blade angle can influence the performance of crossflow turbines. Higher blade velocities result in greater power output and affect the efficiency values of the turbine. Velocity contour results show varying water acceleration around the turbine, indicated by color changes from blue to red, each with similar flow characteristics but different velocity outcomes. Velocity streamline results illustrate flow velocities as lines; blue lines passing through the turbine indicate stagnation, while lighter blue near the turbine signifies changes in flow velocity. Flow reaching more turbine blades moves more of them, increasing overall performance. Lines that do not converge indicate reduced flow velocity.</em></p> <p><em>.</em><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Crossflow, Power, Efficiency, V-section blade angle, Simulation, Turbine.</em></p> Ilham Permadi, Priyo Adiwibowo ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/61469 Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000 STUDI NUMERIK PENGARUH SUDU BERPENAMPANG LENGKUNG DENGAN VARIASIi KELENGKUNGAN TERHADAP KINERJA TURBIN VORTEX https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/61470 <p><em>This research, uses a vortex flow type water turbine model with curved blades and the same dimensions as the actual model. The geometry of the blade angle curvature is changed to obtain results from the performance of the vortex turbine. The curvature angles of the blades used are 33°, 34°, 35°, 36°. The mesh used is Test/Hybrid Tgrid or triangle. The turbulent model used is standard k-omega with variations in Reynolds Number 4.04 x 10^4 , 4.18 x 10^4 , 4.46 x 10^4 , 4.95 x 10^4. The result data analyzed is turbine power, turbine efficiency, velocity contour and pressure contour. The results of research on vortex flow turbines with variations in blade angle curvature are that the highest power with a Reynolds number variation of 4.04 x 10^4 occurs at an angle of curvature of 36° of 21.34 watts. The highest power with variations in the Reynolds number of 4.18 x 104, 4.46 x 10^4 and 4.95 x 10^4 occurs at an angle of curvature of 33°, namely 28.13 watts, 44.80 watts and 44.75 watts. Meanwhile, the highest efficiency with a Reynolds number variation of 4.04 x 10^4 occurs at a curvature angle of 36° of 63.68%. The highest efficiency with variations in the Reynolds number of 4.18 x 10^4, 4.46 x 104 and 4.95 x 10^4 occurs at an angle of curvature of 33°, namely 65.29%, 85.07% and 71.91%. From the results of this analysis, variations in the curvature of the blade angle that approach 35° have an influence on the increase in power in the vortex reaction turbine. This is because the direction of the flow that hits the surface of the blade angle is more even, making the turbine spin faster compared to turbines with variations of angle curvature of 35°.</em></p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong><em>Numerical Study, Vortex Turbine, Turbine Blade Curvature, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)</em>.</p> Tubagus Habibillah, Diastian Wijanarko ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/61470 Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000 PERANCANGAN DESAIN MESIN PEMOTONG SINGKONG DAN SIMULASI METODE ELEMEN HINGGA (STUDI KASUS: UKM ZEANS SNACK) https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/61500 <p>Abstrak<br>Makanan merupakan salah satu kebutuhan primer manusia. Kualitas makanan yang buruk dapat mengakibatkan<br>keracunan, sehingga sanitasi dan higienitas makanan yang dikonsumsi perlu mendapat perhatian khusus. Untuk<br>mengatasi kasus keracunan makanan salah satu upaya agar produk makanan yang dihasilkan tidak mudah berubah<br>karena basi maupun terkontaminasi bakteri maka produk makanan diubah menjadi keripik. Salah satu usaha kecil<br>menengah yang bergerak di bidang produksi keripik singkong adalah UKM Zeans Snack. Usaha yang telah<br>beroperasi selama 7 tahun ini mempekerjakan 2 orang karyawan tetap. Ketika pesanan mencapai 1000 kemasan,<br>proses pemotongan singkong menjadi tantangan tersendiri karena keterbatasan tenaga kerja. Untuk mengatasi hal<br>ini, UKM terkadang mempekerjakan tenaga kerja lepas (freelancer) guna memenuhi target produksi. Sesuai<br>dengan hal ini peneliti berupaya membuat mesin pemotong singkong dan simulasi metode elemen hingga. Tujuan<br>penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bentuk desain dan fitur dari mesin pemotong singkong dan mengetahui<br>penggunaan analisa elemen hingga. Metode dan Teknik analisa data yang peneliti gunakan pada penelitian ini<br>bersifat kualitatif dari data hasil desain diuji pembebanan pada rangka menggunakan simulasi metode elemen<br>hingga. Dengan penelitian ini diharapkan hasil desain mesin pemotong singkong dijadikan sebagai referensi untuk<br>melakukan penelitian serupa. Temuan dari penelitian yang dilakukan adalah sistem transmisi mesin perajang<br>singkong ini mampu mengubah putaran motor listrik dari 1400 rpm menjadi 280 rpm, dengan komponen berupa<br>2 pulley diameter ∅475 mm, dan ∅95 oleh v-belt Tipe A No. 84 berdiameter 2134mm Poros yang digunakan<br>berdiameter 20 mm dengan bahan S35C. Mesin memiliki 4 pisau pemotongan yang membutuhkan daya dari motor<br>listrik sebesar 1 HP. Rangka mesin perajang singkong dengan material S35C memenuhi persyaratan keamanan<br>karena pada stress analysis didapat yield strengh yang sesuai dan dibawah titik tertinggi 2 kali lipat sehingga aman<br>jika dibandingkan material AISI 316, juga penambahan keranjang luaran diharapkan menambah nilai jual<br>perancangan mesin ini <br>Kata kunci: Finite Element Method, Metode Elemen Hingga, CAD, CAE, Mesin Perajang Singkong</p> Dihral Maibi, Dyah Riandadari ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/61500 Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000 OPTIMASI PEMILIHAN DIMENSI MATERIAL UNTUK MEREDUKSI BERAT RANGKA MENGGUNAKAN SIMULASI NUMERIK PADA TEMPAT TIDUR PASIEN OTOMATIS https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/60896 <p>Abstrak <br>Salah satu bidang teknologi yang mengalami perkembangan adalah pada dunia kesehatan, mulai dari peralatan yang<br>digunakan, kebutuhan pasien seperti tempat tidur pasien. Tempat tidur pasien merupakan tempat tidur yang dirancang dan<br>didesain khusus untuk mempermudah perawat dalam merawat dan mengobati pasien yang sedang sakit. Pada umumnya<br>tempat tidur untuk pasien yang terdapat di rumah sakit masih banyak yang menggunakan konvensional dengan material<br>berbahan baja, sehingga menjadi keluhan para perawat yang dirasa cukup berat saat memindahkan pasien. Tujuan dari<br>penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifiatas pengurangan berat rangka dengan memperhatikan distribusi tegangan<br>dan faktor keamanan yang diterima oleh rangka tempat tidur pasien otomatis. Jenis metode pendekatan dalam penelitian<br>ini adalah metode numerik berbasis komputasi Metode Elemen Hingga dengan memvariasikan dimensi ukuran hollow<br>pada rangka tempat tidur pasien otomatis. Material yang digunakan adalah Besi Hollow ASTM A36 dengan dimensi 30<br>x 30 mm, 25 x 25 mm dan 20 x 20 mm yang akan diuji dengan diberikan beban sebesar 3000 N. Hasil dari penelitian ini<br>didapat material terbaik yaitu dimensi 20 x 20 mm yang memiliki berat paling ringan yaitu sebesar 2,383 Kg sehingga<br>mampu mengurangi berat rangka sebanyak 34,4%. Distribusi tegangan pada dimensi material hollow 20 × 20 mm adalah<br>sebesar 39,353 MPa dengan minimum faktor keamanan sebesar 6,353. Distribusi tegangan pada dimensi material hollow<br>25 × 25 mm adalah sebesar 22,998 MPa dengan nilai minimum faktor keamanan sebesar 10,871. Distribusi tegangan pada<br>dimensi material hollow 30 × 30 mm adalah sebesar 15,142 MPa dengan nilai minimum faktor keamanan adalah 16,510. <br>Kata Kunci: Tempat Tidur Pasien Otomatis, Metode Elemen Hingga</p> Gibran Dzikri Nakhwa Rabbani, Diastian Vinaya Wijanarko, Agung Prijo Budijono ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jtm-unesa/article/view/60896 Tue, 18 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000