Jurnal Teknik Mesin

STUDI EKSPERIMENTAL PENGARUH RASIO PANJANG UJUNG SUDU PADA PLAT L DENGAN DIAMETER TURBIN TERHADAP DAYA DAN EFISIENSI PADA TURBIN PELTON

Kharisma Ramadhan, Priyo Adiwibowo — Fri, 08 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The increasing need for energy from electricity also creates problems, namely the availability of energy from fossils which is already in short supply. By utilizing renewable energy sources such as PLTMH, it is hoped that it will be able to replace energy that is not environmentally friendly. The Pelton turbine is a type of water turbine that utilizes the potential water height (head) and uses a small water discharge as a source of power to drive the turbine. In this research, the aim is to find the best ratio of the blade tip length on the L plate to the turbine diameter which is capable of producing the largest turbine power and the best efficiency. The method used in this research is the experimental method which varies the ratio 0, ratio 0.0295, ratio 0.0887 and ratio 0.1479. The turbine used has a specification of 8 blades which are then tested on varying water flow capacities, namely 0.001854, 0.002005, 0.002434, and 0.003114 in m3/s units. This turbine has a nozzle diameter of 25.4 mm and a spray distance from the turbine of 50 mm diameter. Then also use loading variations to obtain turbine power and turbine efficiency. Among the variation of ratios in this study, the one that obtained the largest turbine power was a ratio of 0.0887 at 0.003114 m3/s flow load capacity with a load given of 40 kg and 45.87 Watts of power. The most optimal efficiency is also obtained at a ratio of 0.0887 when 0.002005 m3/s of water flow capacity and given a load of 15 kg has an efficiency of 53.70%. It can also be concluded that the ratio of 0.0887 shows the most optimal results by obtaining the highest power and efficiency for each variation of water flow capacity. Meanwhile, the 0 ratio turbine contains the lowest power and turbine efficiency compared to other ratio turbines.

Keywords: Turbine, Pelton, Ratio of L Plate Blade Tip Length to Turbine Diameter, Pelton Turbine Performance.

STUDI EKSPERIMEN PENGARUH CAMPURAN PERTALITE DENGAN BIOETANOL DARI KULIT PISANG RAJA (MUSA PARADISIACA) TERHADAP KADAR GAS BUANG SEPEDA MOTOR HONDA VARIO 125CC TAHUN 2021

Slamet Fauzy, Muhaji Muhaji — Wed, 20 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this modern era, the amount of transportation in the world, especially motorized vehicles in Indonesia, is increasing, which results in high exhaust gas levels, so environmentally friendly fuel is needed. Therefore, alternative fuels are needed whose characteristics are similar to gasoline fuel and have low exhaust gas levels, namely vegetable fuels or bioethanol. It is hoped that the use of bioethanol can replace or be a mixture of fossil fuels and reduce environmental pollution. The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of using a mixture of pertalite and bioethanol from plantain peels on exhaust gas levels on the 2021 Honda Vario 125cc motorbike. This type of research is experimental research. The fuel used is pertalite (E0) and a mixture of bioethanol from plantain peel (Musa Paradisiaca) (E10, E20, E30, E40, E50, E60, and E70). Exhaust gas levels tested include: O₂, CO₂, CO, and HC. Testing of engine exhaust gas levels is guided by SNI 19-7118.3-2005 (idle conditions) and is continued with experimental testing starting at engine speed (2500rpm-8500rpm) with a range of 1000rpm. Data analysis uses quantitative descriptive methods. The results of exhaust gas emission testing of a mixture of pertalite fuel and plantain peel bioethanol showed that the lowest O₂ exhaust gas content was at lambda 0.94, amounting to 0.86% vol. The highest CO₂ gas content was at lambda 1.03 at 14.49%vol. The lowest CO exhaust gas content at lambda 1.10 was 0.64%vol. The lowest HC exhaust gas level was 1.11 at 176 ppm. So, it can be concluded that the best emission levels are in the E50 fuel mixture with the highest average reduction in CO emission levels of 30.43% and HC at 30.82%, while the highest increase in CO₂ exhaust gas levels is 11.42% and O₂ the lowest was 2.32% in the E10 mixture when compared to pure pertalite.

Keywords: plantain peel, bioethanol, biopertalite, exhaust gas levels

PENGARUH BIOPERTALITE DARI UMBI PORANG (AMORPHOPHALLUS ONCOPHYLLUS) TERHADAP KINERJA MESIN HONDA VARIO 125CC TAHUN 2021

Ambrosius Yunianto, Muhaji Muhaji — Fri, 22 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The increasing number of motorised vehicles as public transport has resulted in increased demand for fuel oil, while petroleum reserves are decreasing every year. Sustainable use of renewable fuels is needed to reduce dependence on the use of fuel oil, namely by utilising tuber starch into bioethanol. Bioethanol produced from tuber starch, one of which is porang tuber starch, contains about 35% oxygen so that it has a high octane number and can be used as an additive to fuel oil to reduce exhaust emissions. This study aims to analyse the effect of pure pertalite fuel and biopertalite of porang tuber on the performance of Honda Vario 125 cc motorcycle engine in 2021 (torque, effective power/wheel power, fuel consumption, average effective pressure, and thermal efficiency). Honda Vario 125cc experimental test engine in 2021 using chassis dynamometer instrument test equipment. Engine performance testing using SAE J1349 testing standards full open throttle valve test method with engine speed variations from 3000 rpm to 9000 rpm. Data analysis using quantitative descriptive method. The results of the engine performance testing showed that E50 had the greatest effect. This is evidenced by the torque of 12,22 Nm at 5000 rpm, effective power/wheel power of 10,57 HP at 8000 rpm, bmep of 12,54 kgf/cm2 at 5000 rpm, and thermal efficiency of 20,20% at 4000 rpm.

Keywords: pertalite, bioethanol, biopertalite, porang tuber, engine performance

PRODUKSI DAN UJI KARAKTERISTIK BIOETANOL DARI KULIT PISANG RAJA (MUSA PARADISIACA)

Ahmad Hakim, Muhaji Muhaji — Mon, 01 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The rapid increase in the number of vehicles has led to a corresponding rise in fuel demand, especially for gasoline. Bioethanol is one of the alternative fuels that can serve as a solution to replace or mix with gasoline. The peel of the Cavendish banana can be utilized as a raw material for bioethanol production due to its carbohydrate content. The objective of this study is to analyze the volume and ethanol content produced from the distillation process using pumice stone as an adsorbent with variations in mesh sizes of 60, 70, and 80. A 5% alcohol solution is used to simulate the fermentation results of Cavendish banana peels, which is then distilled five times. In the third distillation, variations in the mesh sizes of the pumice stone (60, 70, and 80) are introduced, and the optimal size will be used for subsequent distillation. The results of this study indicate that the optimal pumice stone size is mesh 70, yielding 188 ml of distillation with an ethanol content of 87.9%.

Keywords: bioethanol, banana peels, pumice stone