PENGARUH OLAHRAGA TERHADAP KESEHATAN MENTAL DAN KESEHATAN FISIK
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Abstract
Olahraga telah diakui secara luas sebagai intervensi non-farmakologis yang efektif dalam meningkatkan kesehatan mental dan fisik. Kajian literatur ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara komprehensif pengaruh aktivitas fisik dan olahraga terhadap berbagai dimensi kesehatan mental meliputi depresi, kecemasan, kualitas tidur, dan fungsi kognitif serta kesehatan fisik, yang mencakup kesehatan kardiovaskular, kepadatan tulang, kekuatan otot, dan sistem imun. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian literatur sistematis berbasis database PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, dan Google Scholar dengan kriteria inklusi jurnal ilmiah terindeks, rentang tahun publikasi 2022–2026, serta relevansi topik. Sebanyak 15 jurnal ilmiah dianalisis secara mendalam. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa olahraga aerobik maupun latihan resistansi secara konsisten memberikan manfaat signifikan dalam mereduksi gejala depresi dan kecemasan, meningkatkan kualitas tidur, memperkuat sistem kardiovaskular, serta mempertahankan kepadatan tulang dan massa otot. Dosis olahraga optimal berkisar antara 150–300 menit per minggu aktivitas sedang atau 75–150 menit per minggu aktivitas intensitas tinggi. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya integrasi program olahraga dalam kebijakan kesehatan publik dan penatalaksanaan klinis berbagai kondisi kronis.
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