PERAN BIOMEKANIKA TEKNIK SERVIS TERHADAP KECEPATAN DAN AKURASI BOLA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERFORMA DALAM OLAHRAGA TENIS LAPANGAN
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Abstract
Abstrak
Tenis lapangan merupakan cabang olahraga yang menuntut penguasaan teknik servis secara optimal karena servis adalah satu-satunya pukulan yang sepenuhnya dikontrol oleh pemain sendiri. Secara biomekanik, kualitas servis ditentukan oleh koordinasi gerakan multi-segmen tubuh yang melibatkan rantai kinetik dari tungkai hingga pergelangan tangan. Artikel ini mengkaji secara komprehensif peran biomekanika teknik servis terhadap kecepatan dan akurasi bola melalui kajian literatur komparatif terhadap sepuluh artikel ilmiah internasional (terindeks Scopus/PubMed) dan nasional (terakreditasi SINTA) yang dipublikasikan pada 2020–2024. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kontribusi segmen tubuh terhadap kecepatan bola adalah: tungkai dan pinggul (47%), batang tubuh (23%), bahu dan lengan atas (19%), serta lengan bawah dan pergelangan tangan (11%). Program latihan plyometric dan penguatan rantai kinetik terbukti meningkatkan kecepatan servis secara signifikan. Disimpulkan bahwa optimalisasi biomekanika teknik servis secara holistik merupakan fondasi ilmiah esensial untuk peningkatan performa pemain tenis lapangan.
Kata Kunci: biomekanika servis, tenis lapangan, rantai kinetik, kecepatan bola, akurasi servis, kinematika.
Abstract
Tennis is a sport requiring optimal mastery of serving technique, as the serve is the only stroke fully controlled by the player. Biomechanically, serve quality is determined by multi-segment body coordination involving the kinetic chain from the lower limbs to the wrist. This article comprehensively reviews the role of serve biomechanics on ball velocity and accuracy through a comparative literature review of ten scientific articles from international (Scopus/PubMed-indexed) and national (SINTA-accredited) journals published in 2020–2024. Results show segmental contributions to ball velocity: legs and hips (47%), trunk (23%), shoulder and upper arm (19%), and forearm and wrist (11%). Plyometric and kinetic chain strengthening programs significantly improve serve velocity. It is concluded that holistic optimization of serve biomechanics is an essential scientific foundation for improving tennis player performance.
Keywords: serve biomechanics, tennis, kinetic chain, ball velocity, serve accuracy, kinematics.
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References
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