STRATEGI PEMENUHAN KONSUMSI RUMAH TANGGA MASYARAKAT MISKIN DI DESA TRITIK KECAMATAN REJOSO KABUPATEN NGANJUK
Abstract
Abstrak
Kondisi dan aksesibilitas yang sulit merupakan faktor kemiskinan pedesaan yang terletak di tepian hutan Pegunugan Kendeng yang membuat masyarakat miskin melakukan berbagai strategi dengan memanfaatan modal atau aset penghidupan yang meliputi modal manusia, modal alam, modal sosial, modal fisik dan modal keuangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kondisi karakteristik sosial ekonomi masyarakat miskin di Desa Tritik dan menganalisis strategi pemenuhan konsumsi rumah tangga masyarakat miskin di Desa Tritik. Jenis penelitian menggunakan paradigma kuantitatif dengan analisis deskriptif, 46 Kepala Keluarga (KK) dipilih sebagai sampel dari 228 KK menggunakan insidental sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara dan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata jumlah anggota rumah tangga miskin sebanyak 3 anggota. Hubungan sosial masyarakat miskin tidak pernah begadang di warung/pos ronda/persimpangan namun selalu menghadiri kegiatan hajatan, kematian, khitanan, pertemuan warga, gotong royong, tetapi ada sebagian yang tidak pernah hadir dalam kegiatan keagamaan. Status sosial masyarakat miskin masih menghormati terhadap priyayi atau pejabat desa, kiai atau ustad, orang yang lebih tua, orang kaya dan kerabat. Sebagian masyarakat miskin tidak mampu membayar biaya sekolah dan selalu membawa anggota keluarga yang sakit ke puskesmas atau layanan kesehatan desa. Rata-rata berpenghasilan pokok 868.500 rupiah per-bulan. Rata-rata pengeluaran untuk pangan 496.300 rupiah per-bulan. Pengeluaran non pangan rata-rata 460.900 rupiah per-bulan. Konsumsi beras per-hari rata-rata 0,8 kg dan mayoritas tidak meiliki lahan pertanian serta hanya membeli 1 stel pakaian dalam satu tahun. Strategi pemenuhan konsumsi lebih dominan memanfaatkan modal alam dengan cara menggarap lahan perhutani. Strategi pemenuhan konsumsi rumah tangga masyarakat miskin dengan memanfaatkan modal sosial yaitu meminjam uang kepada saudara/tetangga/teman lebih dari 2 kali dalam satu bulan. Pemanfaatan modal fisik yaitu status kepemilikan rumah masyarakat miskin adalah rumah sendiri. Modal manusia kurang dimanfaatkan karena secara usia yang cukup tua, berpendidikan rendah, keterampilan yang terbatas. Masyarakat miskin kurang memanfaatkan modal keuangan karena tidak memiliki pendapatan tambahan dan tabungan.
Kata Kunci : Strategi, Konsumsi Rumah Tangga, Kemiskinan, Modal Penghidupan
Abstract
The difficult conditions and accessibility ware factor of rural poverty in forest edge of Kendeng Mountain that made people prepare various strategies to survive through utilizing capital or livelihood assets such as ;human capital, natural capital, social capital, physical capital and financial capital. The purpose of this study were to 1) know the condition of socio-economic characteristics of the poor communities in Tritik village and 2) analyze the strategy to fulfill the household consumption of poor communities in Tritik village. This type of study used a quantitative method with descriptive analysis, 46 households were selected as sample from 228 househods using incidental sampling. Data collection techniques used interview techniques and questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis technique. The results showed that an average number of poor family were three members. Refering to social relations, most of the poor have never stayed up at a stall or a patrol post or intersection, but always attended celebration, death, circumcision, community meetings, mutual help. However, there were some who never attended religious activities. The poor social status still respected gentry or village officials, kiai or cleric, older people, the rich and relatives. Some poor people can not afford the school fees and the family members who are sick were brought to health centers or rural health services. On average income of poor people in Tritik Village is 868,500 rupiah each month. Average expenditures for food was 496,300 rupiah per month. The average non-food expenditure of the poor was 460,900 rupiah per month. Rice consumption per day averagely was 0.8 kg and most of them did not own farmland and were able to only buy 1 set of clothing in one year. The poor people more dominantly prefered to utilize natural capital by working on the land of Perhutani to fulfill their daily consumption. Borrow money from relatives/neighbors/friends more than twice in one month for their household capital. Besides both natural capital and social capital, the other strategy is to utilize physical capital, namely the status of home ownership. However, human capital was not able to mazimize because of their old age, low education, limited skills. In addition, they caould not afford for financial capital because it has no additional income and savings.
Keywords : Strategy, Household Consumption, Poverty, Capital Livelihoods
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