ANALISIS PEMANFAATAN TAMBAK PERIKANAN BAGI PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT DI MASA PANDEMI (Studi Kasus Desa Sawohan Kecamatan Buduran Kabupaten Sidoarjo)

Abstract

Abstrak

Hasil survey pendahuluan dengan petani tambak menyatakan bahwa 20% dari 15 karyawan beralih menjadi petani tambak diakibatkan oleh adanya PHK pada saat pandemic. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan tambak komoditas perikanan bagi perekonomian masyarakat pada sebelum dan saat pandemi di desa Sawohan Kecamatan Buduran Kabupaten Sidoarjo.

Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian survey. Penelitian ini berlokasi di Desa Sawohan Kecamatan Buduran Kota Sidoarjo. Wilayah ini dipilih karena mata pencaharian utama penduduk sebagai petani tambak dan luas tambak 900,15 Ha. Populasi penelitian ini seluruh petani dan pemilik tambak perikanan yang ada di Desa Sawohan sebesar 68 orang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampling jenuh karena semua anggota populasi dijadikan sampel. Sumber data penelitian ini meliputi identitas responden, luas lahan tambak, mata pencaharian, pendidikan, modal usaha, hasil panen, pengeluaran dan pendapatan responden sebelum dan pada saat pandemi. Data yang telah didapat dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisisis deskiptif persentase.

Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemanfaatan tambak sebelum pandemi hanya sebagai pekerjaan sampingan dan pendapatan tambahan, modal yang didapatkan juga dari pinjaman bank dan uang tabungan, hasil panen rata-rata lebih dari 3 ton, serta pengeluaran mencapai Rp. 1.000.000 – 5.000.000. Pada saat pandemi tambak dimanfaatkan menjadi pekerjaan utama dan pendapatan utama, modal yang didapatkan dari uang pesangon PHK pabrik, hasil panen rata-rata kurang dari 1 ton, serta pengeluaran mencapai Rp 5.000.000 -  10.000.000 karena digunakan untuk membayar biaya tambahan pekerja.

Kata kunci: tambak perikanan, desa Sawohan, pandemi Covid-19

Abstract

Sawohan Village is a village that has a fishing pond covering an area of ​​900.15 Ha, and has a total of 68 fish farmers. The people of Sawohan village depend a lot on the results of ponds, in this effort the community is willing to spend large capital to buy fish and shrimp seeds. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the use of fish ponds for the community's economy during the pandemic in Sawohan Village, Buduran District, Sidoarjo Regency.

This research uses the type of survey research. This research is located in Sawohan Village, Buduran District, Sidoarjo City. This area was chosen because the main livelihood of the population as pond farmers and the area of ​​the pond is 900.15 ha. The population of this study were all farmers and fishpond owners in Sawohan Village of 68 people. Sampling used saturated sampling because all members of the population were sampled. Sources of data for this research include the identity of the respondent, the area of ​​the pond, livelihood, education, business capital, crop yields, expenditure and income of respondents before and during the pandemic. The data that has been obtained and analyzed using descriptive percentage analysis.

The results showed that the use of fish ponds for the community's economy before and during the pandemic respondents could use ponds to survive in the midst of a pandemic. Respondents who initially worked as private employees were then laid off and switched professions to become pond laborers/pond owners can adapt to the existing conditions. Various ways that the people of Sawohan village can do in reducing and increasing the amount of costs are an effort to continue to be able to carry out pond farming, even though most of them have to suffer losses because the price of fish and shrimp harvests is reduced. It costs a lot of money to continue cultivating milkfish and shrimp, so farmers must be prepared to face such situations in order to meet their daily needs.

Keywords: fishpond, Sawohan village, Covid-19 pandemic