KAJIAN KUALITAS SUNGAI DI TINJAU BERDASARKAN PARAMETER FISIKA

Abstract

Abstrak

Sungai memiliki peranan penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem perairan serta menunjang kehidupan berbagai organisme akuatik. Perubahan kondisi lingkungan akibat faktor alam maupun aktivitas manusia dapat memengaruhi kualitas air sungai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kualitas lingkungan Sungai Banten Trikora berdasarkan parameter fisika dan kimia serta menentukan status mutu air menggunakan metode Indeks Pencemaran (IP). Parameter fisika yang dianalisis meliputi suhu, kecerahan, warna, bau, dan Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), sedangkan parameter kimia yang diukur adalah derajat keasaman (pH). Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui pengukuran langsung pada enam titik pengamatan yang mewakili bagian hulu, tengah, dan hilir sungai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu air berkisar antara 24,50– 28,25 °C, kecerahan 22,5-49,25 cm, nilai TDS 102,25–142,00 mg/L, dan pH 6,20–8,18. Seluruh parameter yang diukur masih memenuhi baku mutu air permukaan Kelas II berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 22 Tahun 2021. Hasil analisis menggunakan metode Indeks Pencemaran memperoleh nilai IP sebesar 0,33, yang termasuk kategori memenuhi baku mutu (kondisi baik) sesuai Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 115 Tahun 2003. Dengan demikian, kualitas air Sungai Banten Trikora masih tergolong baik dan belum menunjukkan adanya pencemaran yang signifikan. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi informasi dasar dalam pemantauan kualitas air serta mendukung upaya pengelolaan dan pelestarian sumber daya perairan secara berkelanjutan.

Kata Kunci: Kualitas Air; Indeks Pencemaran; Sungai Banten Trikora; Baku Mutu Air; Lingkungan Sungai.

Abstract

Rivers play an essential role in maintaining the balance of aquatic ecosystems and supporting the survival of various aquatic organisms. Changes in environmental conditions caused by natural processes and anthropogenic activities have the potential to affect river water quality. This study aimed to evaluate the environmental quality of the Banten Trikora River based on physical and chemical parameters and to determine its water quality status using the Pollution Index (PI) method. The physical parameters analyzed included temperature, water transparency, color, odor, and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), while the chemical parameter measured was pH. Data were collected through direct measurements at six sampling stations representing the upstream, middle, and downstream sections of the river. The results showed that the water temperature ranged from 24.50 to 28.25 °C, water transparency ranged from 22,5-49,25 cm, TDS ranged from 102.25 to 142.00 mg/L, and pH ranged from 6.20 to 8.18. All measured parameters complied with the Class II water quality standards stipulated in the Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 22 of 2021. Furthermore, the Pollution Index analysis yielded a value of 0.33, indicating that the river water met the quality standard and was classified as being in good condition, in accordance with the Decree of the Minister of Environment Number 115 of 2003. These findings indicate that the water quality of the Banten Trikora River remains in good condition and has not experienced significant pollution. This study provides baseline information for river water quality monitoring and supports sustainable water resource management and conservation.

Keywords: Water Quality; Pollution Index; Banten Trikora River; Water Quality Criteria; River Ecosystem.