Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD (Student Team Achievement Division) Disertai Tugas Open Ended untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Kalor di Kelas X SMAN 1 Taman

Abstract

Berdasarkan hasil observasi yang dilakukan di SMAN 1 Taman dengan metode angket, sebanyak 68,75% siswa menganggap bahwa fisika adalah mata pelajaran yang sulit dipahami karena banyaknya rumus yang harus dihafalkan, 37,50% siswa cenderung pasif ketika pembelajaran fisika berlangsung sehingga 53,12% siswa menyatakan pembelajaran fisika di kelas terasa membosankan. Selain itu, 65,62% siswa menyatakan bahwa tugas yang diberikan guru bersifat close ended (tugas yang berisi soal pilihan ganda dengan satu jawaban yang benar), dan sebanyak 90,62% siswa menginginkan pembelajaran fisika yang menerapkan diskusi antar teman untuk menyelesaikan suatu permasalahan yang diberikan guru. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan guru bidang studi fisika di SMAN 1 Taman, disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa kelas X tahun ajaran 2014/2015 pada materi kalor masih rendah, dimana hanya 65% dari keseluruhan siswa kelas X yang mencapai Standar Ketuntasan Minimal (SKM) sedangkan 35% dari keseluruhan siswa masih belum mencapai Standar Ketuntasan Minimal (SKM). Dari pemasalahan di atas, maka disusun suatu penelitian untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa yaitu dengan menerapkan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD Disertai Tugas Open Ended. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah pre-experimental design dengan desain penelitian one group pretest posttest design. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh bahwa rata-rata keterlaksanaan penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD Disertai Tugas Open Ended di kelas X MIA 4 sebesar 3,56 dengan kategori sangat baik, di kelas X MIA 5 sebesar 3,19 dengan kategori baik, dan di kelas X MIA 6 sebesar 3,19 dengan kategori baik. Selain itu, diperoleh juga analisis gain ternormalisasi yang menggunakan nilai pretest dan posttest (hasil belajar ranah pengetahuan) di kelas X MIA 4 sebesar 0,72 dengan kriteria tinggi, di kelas X MIA 5 sebesar 0,76 dengan kriteria tinggi, dan di kelas X MIA 6 sebesar 0,73 dengan kriteria tinggi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah keterlaksanaan penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD Disertai Tugas Open Ended berkategori sangat baik serta hasil belajar siswa meningkat dengan kriteria tinggi.

Kata Kunci              : Kooperatif Tipe STAD (Student Team Achievement Division), Tugas Open Ended, Hasil Belajar Siswa.

Abstract

Based on observations in SMAN 1 Taman by questionnaire, as much as 68.75% of students consider that physics is a subject which is difficult to understand because of the many formulas to memorize, 37.5% of students tend to be passive when learning physics so that 53.12% students stated learning physics class was boring. In addition, 65.62% of students stated that the assignment of teachers are close-ended (a task that contains multiple choice questions with one correct answer), and as much as 90.62% of students of students want to apply the learning physics discussion among friends to solve a problem from the teacher. Based on interviews with teachers of physics at SMAN 1 Taman, it was concluded that the results of class X student of the school year 2014/2015 in the matter of heat is still low, with only 65% ??of all students who achieve Complete Standard Minimum (SKM), while 35% were others still have not reached the minimum Complete Standard (SKM). Based of the problem, then compiled a study to improve student learning outcomes by implementing Cooperative Learning of STAD with Open Ended Task. This type of research is pre-experimental design with the design of the study one group pre-test post-test design. Based on the results of the study, found that the average Cooperative Learning of STAD with Open Ended Task activities in class X MIA 4 amounted to 3.56 with very good category, in class X MIA 5 amounted to 3.19 with good category, and in class X MIA 6 at 3.19 with good category. In addition, the analysis also obtained normalized gain using the value pretest and posttest (learning outcomes realm of knowledge) in class X MIA 4 0.72 with high criteria, in class X MIA 5 0.76 with the high criteria, and in class X MIA 6 by 0.73 with high criteria. The conclusion of this study is Cooperative Learning Type of STAD activities with open-ended task is in very good category and increased student learning outcomes with high criteria.

Keywords: Cooperative type STAD (Student Team Achievement Division), Open Ended Task, Student Learning Outcomes.