Open Access Policy

This journal provides immediate and unrestricted open access to all published content. We uphold the principle that making scholarly research freely available to the public fosters a broader and more equitable global exchange of knowledge, encourages innovation, and enhances the visibility and impact of authors' work.

All articles published in this journal are available online immediately upon publication, without subscription fees or access barriers. Users are free to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author, in accordance with the principles of the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI).

To ensure transparency and alignment with international standards, this journal adopts the following practices:

• Licensing: All articles are published under a Creative Commons: Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license – which allows for maximum dissemination and reuse of published material with proper attribution to the original work.

• Author Rights: Authors retain copyright of their work and grant the journal the right of first publication. Authors are also encouraged to deposit versions of their work in institutional or disciplinary repositories.

• Accessibility: The journal ensures that content remains accessible through robust digital archiving policies and metadata indexing in open repositories.

• No Article Processing Charges (APCs) or transparent APC policy.

By embracing open access, this journal supports inclusive academic discourse, contributes to the democratization of knowledge, and aligns with global efforts to make research findings accessible to scholars, practitioners, policymakers, and the public, regardless of geographical or economic barriers.