PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN BAHAN BAKAR BIOSOLAR MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT TERHADAP KADAR GAS BUANG MESIN DAFENG R180

Abstract

Abastrak

Perkembangan industri otomotif saat ini menunjukkan peningkatan pesat. Biodiesel merupakan energi terbarukan sebagai
pengganti bahan bakar diesel yang terdiri dari campuran monoalkyl ester dari rantai panjang asam lemak. Penelitian ini
bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik sifat fisika bahan bakar biodiesel minyak kelapa sawit (densitas, viskositas,
nilai kalor dan titik nyala) dan menganalisis kadar gas buang (CO, CO2, HC, dan O2). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode
ekperimen. Bahan bakar yang digunakan yaitu solar (B0), biosolar minyak kelapa sawit (B10, B20, B30, B40), dan
biodiesel (B100). Pengujian karakteristik bahan bakar berpedoman pada standar ASTM (densitas D1298, viskositas
D1343, nilai kalor D240 dan titik nyala D93), pengujian kadar gas buang (CO, CO2, HC, dan O2). Pengujian kadar gas
buang mengunakan standar SNI 19-7118.2-2005 dengan metode dengan beban tetap 500 watt. Variasi putaran mesin yaitu
1200 rpm, 1400 rpm, 1600 rpm, 1800 rpm, dan 2000 rpm. Hasil uji karakteristik bahan bakar densitas, viskositas semakin
meningkat seiring bertambahnya konsentrasi biodiesel. Hasil pengujian kadar gas buang didapatkan bahwa B100
memberikan pengaruh terbesar. Hal ini kadar gas buang didapatkan kadar gas buang CO terendah pada lambda 1,15
sebesar 1,2%Vol. Kadar gas buang CO₂ tertinggi pada lambda 1,22 sebesar 15,50%Vol. Kadar gas buang HC terendah
pada lambda 1,15 sebesar 250ppmVol. Kadar gas buang O2 tertinggi 1,22 sebesar 4,9%Vol. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan
bahwa kadar gas buang yang terbaik pada campuran bahan bakar B40 dengan rata-rata penurunan kadar emisi CO
terbanyak sebesar 24,1% dan HC terbanyak sebesar 26% jika dibandingkan dengan solar, sedangkan kenaikan kadar gas
buang CO₂ tertinggi sebesar 8,1% dan O₂ tertinggi sebesar 6%.
Kata Kunci: minyak kelapa sawit, biodiesel, kadar gas buang.

Abstract

The development of the automotive industry is currently showing a rapid increase. Biodiesel is a renewable energy
alternative to diesel fuel consisting of a mixture of monoalkyl esters from long chains of fatty acids. This study aims to
analyze the characteristics of the physical properties of palm oil biodiesel fuel (density, viscosity, calorific value and flash
point) and analyze the exhaust gas levels (CO, CO2, HC, and O2). This research uses an experimental method. The fuels
used are diesel (B0), palm oil biodiesel (B10, B20, B30, B40), and biodiesel (B100). Fuel characteristics testing is guided
by ASTM standards (density D1298, viscosity D1343, calorific value D240 and flash point D93), exhaust gas (CO, CO2,
HC, and O2) testing. Exhaust gas level testing uses SNI 19-7118.2-2005 standard with a method with a fixed load of 500
watts. The engine rotation variations are 1200 rpm, 1400 rpm, 1600 rpm, 1800 rpm, and 2000 rpm. The results of the fuel
density and viscosity characteristics test are increasing as the concentration of biodiesel increases. The results of the
exhaust gas level test showed that B100 had the greatest influence. This is the lowest exhaust gas content obtained at
lambda 1.15 of 1.2%Vol. The highest CO₂ exhaust level at lambda 1.22 of 15.50%Vol. The lowest HC exhaust gas level
at lambda 1.15 of 250ppmVol. The highest O2 exhaust gas content was 1.22 at 4.9%Vol. So it can be concluded that the
exhaust gas content is best in the B40 fuel mixture with the highest average reduction in CO emissions of 24.1% and the
most HC of 26% when compared to diesel, while the highest increase in CO₂ exhaust levels is 8.1% and O₂ is the highest
of 6%.
Keywords: palm oil, biodiesel, exhaust gas rates.