MUSLIM WOMEN'S RESISTANCE AGAINTS SECULARIST'S DOMINATION IN ORHAN PAMUK'S SNOW
Abstract
Perdebatan masalah jilbab masih membayangi kehidupan Turki modern. Dalam novel Snow karya Orhan Pamuk,
untuk memodernisasi Negara, para elite sekuler melaksanakan paham atau ideology sekuler dengan cara pencopotan
jilbab kaum wanita. Pengimplementasian tersebut dilakukan melalui pelarangan pemakaian jilbab di tempat umum,
termasuk sekolah, yang dalam pelaksanaannya mendominasi wanita Muslim. Sebaliknya, wanita muslim, yang
diperankan oleh tokoh bernama Kadife, Hande, dan Teslime, melawan dominasi untuk mempertahankan hak-hak
wanita atas pemakaia jilbab demi menjalankan ajaran agama mereka, yaitu Islam. Berdasarkan identifikasi fakta dalam
data, skripsi ini merumuskan masalah (1) bagaimana dominasi para elite sekuler atas wanita Muslim digambarkan
dalam novel Snow karya Orhan Pamuk? dan (2) bagaimana wanita Muslim menunjukkan perlawanan mereka
terhadaap dominasi elite sekuler dalam novel Snow karya Orhan Pamuk? Konsep dominasi dan perlawanan
berdasarkan pemikiran James C. Scott dan Daniel Miller. Konsep-konsep tersebut diaplikasikan bersama dengan
konsep hegemony dari Antonio Gramsci, dan feminisme berkerudung, terutama pergerakan wanita berlambang warna
putih oleh Cihan Aktas. Untuk menganalisis data, pendekatan mimesis dengan metode deskriptif analisis diaplikasikan
dalam skripsi ini. Terakhir, hasil dari analisis data menunjukkan bahwa dominasi para elite sekuler terwujud dalam
lima bentuk: dominasi melalui pembuatan kebijakan, ancaman, drama panggung, penghinaan, dan hegemony.
Sebaliknya, perlawanan wanita Muslim terwujud melalui dua cara utama: perlawanan terbuka (public transcript) yang
meliputi perlawanan melalui demonstrasi dan cemoohan, dan perlawanan tertutup (hidden transcript) yang meliputi
perlawanan melalui bunuh diri dan dialog secara empat mata.
Kata Kunci: Dominasi, Resistensi, Sekulerisme, Islam, Feminism Berkerudung, Perdebatan Jilbab
Abstract
Headscarves controversy still overshadows the life of modern Turkey. In Orhan Pamuk‟s Snow, to
modernize the state, the secularist elites implement secularism by unveiling women. It is exercised through
banning the headscarves wearing in public buildings, including school, that its executions dominate Muslim
women. In reverse, Muslim women, who are represented by the characters named Kadife, Hande, and
Teslime, resist the domination to defend their rights upon wearing the headscarves for the sake of
practicing their religion, Islam. Grounded upon the findings, this study questions upon (1) how is
secularist‟s domination upon Muslim women depicted in Orhan Pamuk‟s Snow? and (2) how do Muslim
women show their resistance against secularist‟s domination in Orhan Pamuk‟s Snow? The concepts of
domination and resistance are based on the thought of James C. Scott and Daniel Miller. Those concepts
are applied together with Antonio Gramsci‟s hegemony and veiled feminism, Cihan Aktas‟ white women‟s
movement. To analyze the data, mimetic approach with descriptive analysis method is applied in this study.
Lastly, the result of this study shows that the secularist‟s domination manifests itself into five forms:
domination through policy-making, threat, onstage play, derogation, and hegemony. Meanwhile, Muslim
women‟s resistance manifests itself into two major forms: outward resistance (public transcript), which is
practiced through demonstration and insult, and inward resistance (hidden transcript), which is practiced
through suicide and vis-à-vis dialogue.
Keywords: Domination, Resistance, Secularism, Islam, Veiled Feminism, Headscarves Controversy
PDF Downloads: 55