Pemetaan Jalur Evakuasi Bencana Tanah Longsor Di Kecamatan Wonosalam Kabupaten Jombang Dengan Metode Network Analisis

Mapping of Landslide Evacuation Routes in Wonosalam District, Jombang Regency Using the Network Analysis Method

Abstract

Abstrak

Berdasarkan data BPBD Kabupaten Jombang tahun 2020–2024, terjadi 11 kejadian tanah longsor di Kecamatan Wonosalam yang menyebabkan kerusakan 13 rumah dan infrastruktur jalan raya. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan perlunya upaya mitigasi untuk mengurangi risiko bencana dan dampaknya terhadap masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan jalur evakuasi bencana tanah longsor di Kecamatan Wonosalam menggunakan pendekatan Network Analysis berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) sebagai dasar perencanaan mitigasi bencana.

Metode penelitian menggunakan data curah hujan (CHIRPS 2020–2024), kemiringan lereng (DEMNAS), jenis tanah, geologi, penggunaan lahan, serta data kejadian longsor dari BPBD. Analisis dilakukan dengan teknik weighted overlay untuk menghasilkan peta kerawanan, yang kemudian digunakan dalam analisis jaringan Closest Facility di ArcGIS. Validasi lapangan dilakukan untuk memastikan kesesuaian kondisi aktual jalur evakuasi dan lokasi pengungsian terhadap hasil analisis spasial.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga kelas kerawanan longsor, yaitu rendah, sedang, dan tinggi, dengan Desa Jarak sebagai wilayah paling rawan (549 ha kategori tinggi). Sebanyak 15 titik rawan longsor berhasil diidentifikasi dan dihubungkan dengan 10 lokasi evakuasi melalui 15 jalur. Jalur terpendek berada di Desa Wonosalam (520 m) dan terpanjang di Desa Jarak (4.473 m). Jalur evakuasi umumnya berupa jalan lokal beraspal atau cor beton yang masih layak dilalui kendaraan dan pejalan kaki. Penentuan lokasi evakuasi mengacu pada Peraturan Kepala BNPB No. 03 Tahun 2018, namun beberapa lokasi masih memerlukan perbaikan fasilitas dasar agar evakuasi lebih efektif.

Abstract

Based on data from the Jombang Regency BPBD from 2020 to 2024, there were 11 landslide events in Wonosalam District that caused damage to 13 houses and road infrastructure. This condition highlights the need for mitigation efforts to reduce disaster risks and minimize community losses. This study aims to map landslide evacuation routes in Wonosalam District using the Network Analysis method based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a basis for disaster mitigation planning

The research utilized rainfall data (CHIRPS 2020–2024), slope (DEMNAS), soil type, geology, land use, and landslide occurrence data from BPBD. A weighted overlay technique was applied to produce a landslide susceptibility map, which was then analyzed using the Closest Facility tool in ArcGIS to determine evacuation routes. Field validation was conducted to verify the accuracy of the mapped routes and evacuation sites under real conditions.

The results identified three classes of landslide susceptibility: low, moderate, and high, with Jarak Village being the most vulnerable area (549 ha in the high category). A total of 15 high-risk points were identified and connected to 10 evacuation sites through 15 routes. The shortest route is in Wonosalam Village (520 m), while the longest is in Jarak Village (4,473 m). Most evacuation routes consist of paved or concrete local roads suitable for vehicles and pedestrians. The selection of evacuation sites refers to BNPB Regulation No. 03 of 2018, although several sites still require improvements in basic facilities to ensure effective evacuation.