CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS IN YŌKO TANKA NOVEL OI NO OTOSHIANA A SEMANTIC STUDY

METAFORA KONSEPTUAL DALAM NOVEL OI NO OTOSHIANA KARYA YŌKO TANKA KAJIAN SEMANTIK

Abstract

This study examines the use of figurative language in literary
works, specifically conceptual metaphors in Yōko Tanka's novel Oi
no Otoshiana. The language in this novel functions not only as a
means of communication, but also as a means of expressing
complex experiences related to the reality of nursing care in Japan.
The main focus of this study is to describe the types of conceptual
metaphors and the meanings contained within them. The
theoretical basis used includes the theory of metaphor
classification proposed by George Lakoff & Mark Johnson.
Meanwhile, the classification of connotative meanings is analyzed
based on Geoffrey Leech's theory. This study is a qualitative study
of a descriptive type. The research data consists of sentences
containing conceptual metaphors collected through intensive
reading techniques. The identification of metaphorical expressions
was carried out using the Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP)
method. The results of the study show that 133 conceptual
metaphors were found in the novel. Based on Lakoff and Johnson's
classification of metaphors, the types found include 57 data for
ontological metaphors, 42 data for structural metaphors, and 34
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data for orientational metaphors. Meanwhile, based on Geoffrey
Leech's classification of meaning, the data was dominated by 65
data for connotative meaning, followed by 32 data for affective
meaning, 19 data for reflective meaning, 9 data for collocative
meaning, and 8 data for stylistic meaning. These findings indicate
that metaphors in the novel Oi no Otoshiana function as the
primary cognitive mechanism for conveying abstract experiences
related to aging and suffering through more concrete concepts.

Keywords: conceptual metaphor, MIP, semantics, meaning, figure
of speech