SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI GRAPHENE OXIDE (GO) YANG DIMODIFIKASI DENGAN NANOPARTIKEL SILIKA BERBASIS LIMBAH CANGKANG SAWIT

Authors

  • Frizky Audis Paramundhita State University of Surabaya
  • Munasir Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • Evi Suaebah Universitas Negeri Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26740/ifi.v14n3.p369-376

Keywords:

graphene oxide, silika, cangkang kelapa sawit, komposit, karakterisasi, Silica, Palm Shell, Composite, Characterization

Abstract

Abstrak

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menghasilkan dan mengkaji karakteristik nanokomposit graphene oxide (GO) yang telah dimodifikasi dengan nanopartikel silika (SiO₂), menggunakan limbah cangkang kelapa sawit sebagai sumber karbon. Tahapan awal meliputi pembuatan karbon aktif melalui proses aktivasi kimia menggunakan larutan NaOH, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan sintesis GO melalui metode Hummers yang telah dimodifikasi, serta sintesis komposit GO–SiO₂ dengan memanfaatkan prekursor TEOS (Tetraethyl Orthosilicate). Karakterisasi struktur material menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) dan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Berdasarkan hasil uji karakterisaasi, data XRD menunjukkan pergeseran sudut difraksi dari 2θ = 24,2° pada GO menjadi 23,8° pada GO-SiO₂, yang mengindikasikan peningkatan jarak antar bidang kristal dari 3,67 Å menjadi 3,73 Å, disertai dengan penurunan ukuran kristalit dari 3,7 nm menjadi 3,5 nm. Spektrum FTIR menunjukkan kehadiran gugus O–H, C=O, dan Si–O–Si, menguatkan terbentuknya struktur komposit. Analisis SEM memperlihatkan adanya nanopartikel silika yang menempel pada permukaan GO, sementara hasil EDX mengonfirmasi keberadaan unsur silikon sebesar 3,6% pada komposit GO–SiO₂, disertai peningkatan oksigen dan penurunan karbon yang menunjukkan keberhasilan proses modifikasi. Secara keseluruhan, hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa limbah cangkang kelapa sawit memiliki prospek sebagai sumber material karbon yang berkelanjutan untuk pengembangan komposit GO–SiO₂ yang fungsional dan ramah lingkungan.

 

Abstract

This study aims to produce and evaluate the characteristics of graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites modified with silica nanoparticles (SiO₂) by utilizing palm shell waste as a carbon source. The initial stage includes the production of activated carbon through a chemical activation process using NaOH solution. Then continued with the synthesis of GO through the modified Hummers method, and the synthesis of GO–SiO₂ composites using Tetraethyl Orthosilicate (TEOS) as a precursor. Characterization of the material structure was carried out using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD analysis showed a shift in the diffraction angle from 2θ = 24.2° for GO to 23.8° for GO-SiO₂, which indicated an increase in the interlayer distance from 3.67 Å to 3.73 Å, accompanied by a decrease in the crystallite size from 3.7 nm to 3.5 nm. The FTIR spectrum shows the presence of O–H, C=O, and Si–O–Si groups, strengthening the formation of the composite structure. SEM analysis shows the presence of silica nanoparticles attached to the GO surface, while EDX results confirm the presence of silicon elements of 3.6% in the GO–SiO₂ composite, accompanied by an increase in oxygen and a decrease in carbon indicating the success of the modification process. Overall, these results indicate that palm kernel shell waste has the prospect of being a sustainable source of carbon material for the development of functional and environmentally friendly GO–SiO₂ composites.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ahmed, S. J., & Al-Bermany, E. (2025). Performance SiO2, GO, and SiO2@GO nanomaterials on fabricating new polymer nanocomposites for optical, antibacterial, and anticancer applications. Applied Nanoscience (Switzerland), 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-024-03080-9

Alam, S. N., Sharma, N., & Kumar, L. (2017). Synthesis of Graphene Oxide (GO) by Modified Hummers Method and Its Thermal Reduction to Obtain Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)*. Graphene, 06(01), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.4236/graphene.2017.61001

Angesti, W., & Munasir, M. (2021). Fabrication and Characterization of Polysulfone Membrane Based On GO-SiO2 Composite using Phase Inversion Method. E3S Web of Conferences, 328. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132801010

Chen, J., Li, Y., Huang, L., Li, C., & Shi, G. (2015). High-yield preparation of graphene oxide from small graphite flakes via an improved Hummers method with a simple purification process. Carbon, 81(1), 826–834. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARBON.2014.10.033

Guerrero-Contreras, J., & Caballero-Briones, F. (2015). Graphene oxide powders with different oxidation degree, prepared by synthesis variations of the Hummers method. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 153, 209–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATCHEMPHYS.2015.01.005

Jasri, K., Abdulhameed, A. S., Jawad, A. H., ALOthman, Z. A., Yousef, T. A., & Al Duaij, O. K. (2023). Mesoporous activated carbon produced from mixed wastes of oil palm frond and palm kernel shell using microwave radiation-assisted K2CO3 activation for methylene blue dye removal: Optimization by response surface methodology. Diamond and Related Materials, 131, 109581. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.DIAMOND.2022.109581

Khanmohammadi, A., Rashidi, V., & Sadighian, S. (2023). Reduced Graphene Oxide/Silica Nanocomposite as Anticancer Drug Delivery Nanocarrier. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC134.383

Li, R., Zhou, Q., Bi, Y., Cao, S., Xia, X., Yang, A., Li, S., & Xiao, X. (2021). Research progress of flexible capacitive pressure sensor for sensitivity enhancement approaches. In Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical (Vol. 321). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2020.112425

Liu, Y., Zhang, F., Zhu, W., Su, D., Sang, Z., Yan , X., Li, S., Liang, J., & Dou, S. X. (2020). A multifunctional hierarchical porous SiO2/GO membrane for high efficiency oil/water separation and dye removal. Carbon, 160, 88–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2020.01.002

Mahat, N. A., & Shamsudin, S. A. (2020). Blue luminescence carbon quantum dots derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch biomass. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 736(5). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/736/5/052001

Nayak, P. K. (2016). Recent Advances in Graphene Research. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/61909

Theodorakis, N., Saravanou, S. F., Kouli, N. P., Iatridi, Z., & Tsitsilianis, C. (2021). Ph/thermo-responsive grafted alginate-based sio2 hybrid nanocarrier/hydrogel drug delivery systems. Polymers, 13(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13081228

Zainal, N. H., Zainal, B. S., Wahab, N. A., Jalani, N. F., & Ibrahim, M. F. (2025). Enhancing POME final discharge treatment efficiency using oil palm kernel shell activated carbon: A pilot and field-scale study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145490

Downloads

Published

2025-12-15

How to Cite

Paramundhita, F. A., Munasir, & Evi Suaebah. (2025). SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI GRAPHENE OXIDE (GO) YANG DIMODIFIKASI DENGAN NANOPARTIKEL SILIKA BERBASIS LIMBAH CANGKANG SAWIT. Inovasi Fisika Indonesia, 14(3), 369–376. https://doi.org/10.26740/ifi.v14n3.p369-376

Issue

Section

Fisika Material
Abstract views: 0 , PDF Downloads: 0

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.