SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI GRAPHENE OXIDE (GO) YANG DIMODIFIKASI DENGAN NANOPARTIKEL SILIKA BERBASIS LIMBAH CANGKANG SAWIT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/ifi.v14n3.p369-376Keywords:
graphene oxide, silika, cangkang kelapa sawit, komposit, karakterisasi, Silica, Palm Shell, Composite, CharacterizationAbstract
Abstrak
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menghasilkan dan mengkaji karakteristik nanokomposit graphene oxide (GO) yang telah dimodifikasi dengan nanopartikel silika (SiO₂), menggunakan limbah cangkang kelapa sawit sebagai sumber karbon. Tahapan awal meliputi pembuatan karbon aktif melalui proses aktivasi kimia menggunakan larutan NaOH, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan sintesis GO melalui metode Hummers yang telah dimodifikasi, serta sintesis komposit GO–SiO₂ dengan memanfaatkan prekursor TEOS (Tetraethyl Orthosilicate). Karakterisasi struktur material menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) dan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Berdasarkan hasil uji karakterisaasi, data XRD menunjukkan pergeseran sudut difraksi dari 2θ = 24,2° pada GO menjadi 23,8° pada GO-SiO₂, yang mengindikasikan peningkatan jarak antar bidang kristal dari 3,67 Å menjadi 3,73 Å, disertai dengan penurunan ukuran kristalit dari 3,7 nm menjadi 3,5 nm. Spektrum FTIR menunjukkan kehadiran gugus O–H, C=O, dan Si–O–Si, menguatkan terbentuknya struktur komposit. Analisis SEM memperlihatkan adanya nanopartikel silika yang menempel pada permukaan GO, sementara hasil EDX mengonfirmasi keberadaan unsur silikon sebesar 3,6% pada komposit GO–SiO₂, disertai peningkatan oksigen dan penurunan karbon yang menunjukkan keberhasilan proses modifikasi. Secara keseluruhan, hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa limbah cangkang kelapa sawit memiliki prospek sebagai sumber material karbon yang berkelanjutan untuk pengembangan komposit GO–SiO₂ yang fungsional dan ramah lingkungan.
Abstract
This study aims to produce and evaluate the characteristics of graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites modified with silica nanoparticles (SiO₂) by utilizing palm shell waste as a carbon source. The initial stage includes the production of activated carbon through a chemical activation process using NaOH solution. Then continued with the synthesis of GO through the modified Hummers method, and the synthesis of GO–SiO₂ composites using Tetraethyl Orthosilicate (TEOS) as a precursor. Characterization of the material structure was carried out using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD analysis showed a shift in the diffraction angle from 2θ = 24.2° for GO to 23.8° for GO-SiO₂, which indicated an increase in the interlayer distance from 3.67 Å to 3.73 Å, accompanied by a decrease in the crystallite size from 3.7 nm to 3.5 nm. The FTIR spectrum shows the presence of O–H, C=O, and Si–O–Si groups, strengthening the formation of the composite structure. SEM analysis shows the presence of silica nanoparticles attached to the GO surface, while EDX results confirm the presence of silicon elements of 3.6% in the GO–SiO₂ composite, accompanied by an increase in oxygen and a decrease in carbon indicating the success of the modification process. Overall, these results indicate that palm kernel shell waste has the prospect of being a sustainable source of carbon material for the development of functional and environmentally friendly GO–SiO₂ composites.
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