DISTRIBUSI  UKURAN BUTIR DAN PERMITIVITAS RELATIF KERAMIK TiO2 RUTIL

Wilda Kusumaningtyas; Frida Ulfah Ermawati

doi:10.26740/ifi.v14n3.p421-428

Authors

Wilda Kusumaningtyas Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Frida Ulfah Ermawati Universitas Negeri Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26740/ifi.v14n3.p421-428

Keywords:

keramik TiO2 rutil, distribusi ukuran butir, permitivitas relatif, XRD, SEM, VNA, rutile TiO2 ceramic, grain size distribution, relative permittivity

Abstract

Abstrak

TiO₂ rutil adalah salah satu material fungsional yang mempunyai banyak potensi aplikasi, salah satunya adalah sebagai resonator dielektrik microwave. Agar dapat berfungsi sebagai resonator dielektrik, material ini harus memiliki permitivitas relatif yang unggul. Permitivitas relatif dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan fasa utama, fasa sekunder, ukuran butir, serta nilai densitas. Apabila material memiliki fasa tunggal dan densitas tinggi, maka faktor fasa sekunder dapat diabaikan sehingga menyisakan faktor ukuran butir. Tujuan dari makalah ini adalah melaporkan analisis ukuran butir dan permitivitas relatif dari keramik padat fasa tunggal TiO₂ rutil melalui uji XRD, SEM, dan VNA. Serbuk rutil disintesis dari pelarutan serbuk logam Ti dengan HCl. Serbuk hasil dikalsinasi pada 800 °C selama 4 jam. Serbuk kristalin dikompkasi menggunakan cylindrical die press berdiameter 12 mm dan hydraulic hand press pada tekanan 10 MPa menghasilkan pelet. Pelet disinter pada 1000 °C ditahan 4 jam sehingga menghasilkan keramik TiO₂ rutil. Hasil refinement XRD menunjukkan fasa tunggal TiO₂ rutil dengan parameter kisi dan vol. sel satuan yang konsisten terhadap TiO₂ rutil (PDF Nomor 21-1276). Hasil SEM memperlihatkan morfologi permukaan yang padat dengan distribusi ukuran butir yang memenuhi kurva normal pada rentang 0,30 - 2,60 µm dan rata-rata ukuran butir yaitu 1,00 ± 0,01 µm. Uji VNA menghasilkan permitivitas relatif sebesar 20,283 pada frekuensi 4-6 GHz.

Abstract

Rutile TiO₂ exhibits versatile functionality with numerous potential applications, such as serving as a microwave dielectric resonator. To serve this purpose, the material must exhibit a high relative permittivity. The presence of a primary phase, secondary phases, as well as grain size and density, are key factors affecting this property. When the material achieves a single-phase structure with high density, the influence of secondary phases can be disregarded, leaving grain size as a critical factor. This study focuses on presenting the grain size characteristics and relative permittivity of dense single-phase rutile TiO₂ ceramics based on XRD, SEM, and VNA analyses. The synthesis of rutile powder involved dissolving metallic Ti powder in HCl and subsequently performing calcination at 800 °C for 4 h. Pellets were produced by compacting the crystalline powder with a 12 mm cylindrical die press and applying a pressure of 10 MPa using a hydraulic hand press. The pellet was sintered at 1000 °C with a 4h dwell, yielding a rutile TiO₂ ceramic. XRD refinement confirmed a single-phase rutile structure (PDF No. 21-1276) with consistent lattice parameters and unit cell volume. SEM observations showed a dense microstructure, with the grain size distribution fitting a normal curve, spanning from 0.30 – 2.60  micrometer and an average grain size of 1.00 ± 0.01micrometer. VNA measurements indicated a relative permittivity of 20.283 in the 4–6 GHz frequency range.

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