Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation of Students Participating in the Billiard Student Activity Unit at Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Abstract

Background: Motivation is an important psychological factor influencing students' participation, commitment, and achievement in extracurricular sports activities. Understanding students' motivation is essential for developing effective coaching and organizational programs within university sports clubs. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the motivation level of students participating in the Billiard Student Activity Unit (UKM Billiard) at Universitas Negeri Surabaya based on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation factors. Methods: A quantitative descriptive research design was employed involving 50 active members of the UKM Billiard. Data were collected using a validated and reliable closed-ended questionnaire consisting of 21 items, including 12 intrinsic motivation indicators and 9 extrinsic motivation indicators. Responses were measured using a five-point Likert scale and analyzed descriptively by calculating scores and percentages. Results: The findings revealed that the overall motivation level of students was very high, with a percentage of 82.36%. Intrinsic motivation achieved a percentage of 88.57%, indicating a very high category, while extrinsic motivation reached 74.09%, indicating a high category. These findings suggest that intrinsic motivation plays a more dominant role than extrinsic motivation in encouraging students to participate in the UKM Billiard. Conclusion: Students participating in the UKM Billiard at Universitas Negeri Surabaya demonstrated a very high level of motivation, with intrinsic motivation being the primary driving factor. Therefore, coaching programs should prioritize strengthening students' intrinsic motivation while maintaining supportive external factors, such as adequate facilities, a positive training environment, and opportunities to participate in competitions, to sustain student participation and enhance athletic achievement

Keywords: intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation; student motivation; student activity unit; billiards