REPRESENTASI GENDER PADA TARI GANDRUNG MARSAN KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI: PERSPEKTIF PERFORMATIVITAS JUDITH BUTLER

REPRESENTASI DALAM TARI GANDRUNG MARSAN, REKENING BANYUWANGI: PERSPEKTIF PERFORMATIVITAS JUDITH BUTLER

Abstract

This study aims to analyze gender representation in the Gandrung Marsan Dance of Banyuwangi through its performance elements and to explain the practice of gender performativity embodied by the dancers from Judith Butler's perspective. Gandrung Marsan Dance is inspired by the historical figure of Marsan, a male gandrung dancer who performed female characters. This phenomenon indicates that gender identity in dance is not solely determined by the biological sex of the dancer but is constructed through the elements of the dance performance. This research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and literature review. The data were analyzed using Stuart Hall's theory of representation with a constructionist approach and Judith Butler's theory of gender performativity. The findings reveal that gender representation in the Gandrung Marsan Dance is constructed through movement and movement quality, make-up, costume, properties, musical accompaniment, and spatial patterns. These performance elements function as a system of signs that produces feminine and masculine meanings. Soft movements, feminine make-up, Gandrung costume, fan, scarf, and gentle musical accompaniment represent femininity, while strong movement quality, masculine movement variations, fake mustache, and dynamic musical accompaniment represent masculinity. From Judith Butler's perspective, gender identity in the Gandrung Marsan Dance is understood as a performative practice enacted through the repeated use of bodily movements, gestures, facial expressions, costumes, and bodily practices throughout the performance. Thus, the dancer's body becomes the site of gender performativity, while the dance performance serves as a system of representation that constructs gender meaning.
Keywords: Gender Representation, Gender Performativity, Gandrung Marsan Dance, Stuart Hall, Judith Butler.