Copyright of Manuscript

Open Access and Copyright

Open Access Policy

The Independent Journal of Economics provides immediate open access to all published content, based on the principle that freely available research results can support the broader exchange of knowledge. All articles published in the Independent Journal of Economics are accessible to readers without subscription fees or access charges.

Copyright Statement

Authors retain copyright and publishing rights for articles published in the Independent Journal of Economics. The journal does not take ownership of the Author's copyright, and the Author does not transfer exclusive publishing rights to the Independent Journal of Economics.

Authors grant the Independent Journal of Economics the non-exclusive right to publish, reproduce, distribute, and make available to the public the published Version of Record. Authors retain the right to share and reuse their work in accordance with applicable licenses and journal policies.