Plagiarism Policy

Anti-Plagiarism and Similarity Policy

All manuscripts submitted to the Independent Journal of Economics must be original, unpublished, and not currently under consideration for publication by another journal or publisher. Authors are responsible for the originality, authenticity, and integrity of the submitted manuscript.

All submitted manuscripts may be checked using similarity checking software, such as Turnitin and/or iThenticate, as part of the editorial evaluation.

Similarity scores are used as a screening tool and are not, in themselves, evidence of plagiarism. Similarity reports are evaluated by the Editorial Team, taking into account the source, nature, context, extent, and distribution of the similar material, including legitimate citations, bibliographies, methodological descriptions, preprints, repositories, and other previously disseminated materials.

The Independent Journal of Economics does not determine plagiarism solely based on a specific similarity percentage threshold. If inappropriate or unexplained overlap is found, the Editorial Team may request clarification or revision, reject the manuscript, or take other appropriate editorial action in accordance with the Statement of Publication Ethics and Publication Malpractice and, where relevant, the Research Misconduct and Postpublication Policy.

Reference Management Software

Authors submitting manuscripts to Independent Journals of Economics are advised to use reference management software, such as Mendeley, EndNote, or Zotero, to help maintain the accuracy and consistency of citations and bibliographies. Independent Journals of Economics uses the American Psychological Association (APA) citation style.