Pengaruh Pengangguran, Rata- Rata Lama Sekolah, dan Rasio Gini Terhadap Kemiskinan

Abstract

Poverty is a multidimensional problem that poses a primary challenge to economic development in Indonesia. The study aims to analyze the influence of unemployment, average years of schooling, and the Gini ratio on poverty, both partially and simultaneously. This research employs a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. The research design utilizes panel data combining cross-sectional data (38 regencies/cities) and time-series data (years 2022-2024). The research location is East Java Province. The subject/data source is secondary data from publications by the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The data collection technique was carried out using the documentation method. The data analysis technique used panel data regression analysis. The results show that unemployment has a positive and significant effect on poverty, average years of schooling has a negative and significant effect on poverty, and the Gini ratio has a positive and significant effect on poverty. Simultaneously, unemployment, average years of schooling, and the Gini ratio are proven to have a significant effect on poverty in regencies/cities in East Java Province.  The conclusion of this study indicates that poverty in East Java is influenced by labor market dynamics, the quality of public education, and the level of income inequality. Increases in unemployment and income inequality tend to raise poverty levels, while improvements in average years of schooling play a role in reducing poverty. The suggestion from this study is that the government should prioritize policies for job creation, improving the quality and equity of education, as well as reducing income disparities between regions in order to support a sustainable reduction in poverty levels.