PEMBANGKITAN DAN PERAMBATAN GELOMBANG ATMOSFER LAMB AKIBAT ERUPSI VULKANIK BAWAH LAUT HUNGA TONGA 2022
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/ifi.v14n2.p152-162Keywords:
Hunga Tonga 2022, Lamb wave, barometric pressure, gelombang Lamb, tekanan barometrikAbstract
Abstrak
Penelitian ini menganalisis pembangkitan dan perambatan gelombang atmosfer Lamb akibat erupsi vulkanik bawah laut Hunga Tonga pada 15 Januari 2022 dalam konteks potensi kejadian serupa di wilayah Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi karakteristik propagasi gelombang Lamb, khususnya kecepatan rambat dan efisiensi energi selama perambatan global. Berdasarkan barogram tekanan udara dari jaringan stasiun cuaca ASOS, arrival time dan observed travel time untuk gelombang Lamb terekam jelas pada lintasan awal dan balik. Hasil menunjukkan gelombang Lamb merambat dengan kecepatan rata-rata 1129 km/jam (314 m/s) untuk lintasan awal dan 1114 km/jam (310 m/s) untuk lintasan balik, dengan perbedaan kecepatan hanya sekitar 1,3% yang mencerminkan disipasi energi sangat rendah. Kecepatan ini jauh melebihi tsunami konvensional (~220 m/s) dan sebanding dengan kecepatan meteo-tsunami (~300–310 m/s). Hasil penelitian ini tidak berbeda signifikan dari estimasi kecepatan gelombang Lamb dalam temuan terdahulu yang relevan. Temuan ini menegaskan peran gelombang Lamb dalam resonansi atmosfer-laut serta pentingnya integrasi pemantauan tekanan atmosfer dalam sistem peringatan dini tsunami non-tektonik di Indonesia.
Abstract
This study analyzes the generation and propagation of atmospheric Lamb waves due to the submarine volcanic eruption of Hunga Tonga on 15 January 2022 in the context of potential similar events in the Indonesian region. This study aims to identify the propagation characteristics of Lamb waves, particularly the propagation speed and energy efficiency during global propagation. Based on air pressure barograms from the ASOS weather station network, the arrival time and observed travel time for Lamb waves are clearly recorded on the initial and return trajectories. The results show that Lamb waves propagate with an average speed of 1129 km/h (314 m/s) for the initial trajectory and 1114 km/h (310 m/s) for the return trajectory, with a speed difference of only about 1.3%, reflecting very low energy dissipation. These speeds far exceed those of conventional tsunamis (~220 m/s) and are comparable to meteo-tsunami speeds (~300-310 m/s). The results of this study are not significantly different from the Lamb wave velocity estimates in relevant previous studies. This finding confirms the role of Lamb waves in atmosphere-sea resonance and the importance of integrating atmospheric pressure monitoring in Indonesia's non-tectonic tsunami early warning system.
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