KARAKTERISTIK NANOKOMPOSIT GO/AgNPs BERBASIS BAHAN ALAM SEBAGAI MATERIAL ANTIBAKTERI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/ifi.v14n3.p396-403Keywords:
Nanokomposit, Graphene Oxide, Nanopartikel Perak, Green Synthesis, Antibakteri, ,Antibacterial, Silver Nanoparticles, NanocompositeAbstract
Abstrak
Infeksi kulit akibat bakteri seperti Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli merupakan masalah kesehatan umum di Indonesia, terutama pada individu dengan kondisi medis seperti diabetes. Diperlukan agen antibakteri yang efektif, aman, dan ramah lingkungan. Nanopartikel perak (AgNPs) memiliki kemampuan antibakteri tinggi, namun sering mengalami agregasi yang menurunkan stabilitas dan efektivitasnya. Kombinasi AgNPs dengan graphene oxide (GO) dapat meningkatkan stabilitas dan efektivitas tersebut. Penelitian ini mengembangkan nanokomposit GO/AgNPs berbasis bahan alam, dengan GO disintesis menggunakan metode Hummers termodifikasi dan AgNPs melalui green synthesis. Variasi rasio GO/AgNPs (1:0,4; 1:0,5; 1:0,6; 1:0,7; 1:0,8) menunjukkan potensi peningkatan antibakteri. Aktivitas diuji dengan metode difusi cakram terhadap S. aureus dan E. coli, dengan zona hambat sebagai indikator. Hasil menunjukkan komposit GO/AgNPs mampu menghambat kedua bakteri, dengan efektivitas tertinggi pada rasio 1:0,5, yaitu 94,48% untuk S. aureus dan 94,82% untuk E. coli. Mekanisme antibakteri meliputi pelepasan ion Ag⁺ yang merusak protein dan DNA bakteri, pembentukan ROS yang memicu stres oksidatif, serta interaksi lembaran GO yang mengganggu membran sel. Dibandingkan laporan sebelumnya dengan sintesis konvensional, nanokomposit berbahan alam ini lebih stabil dan efektif akibat distribusi AgNPs yang lebih merata dan pelepasan ion yang lebih terkontrol. Kombinasi GO–AgNPs ini berpotensi besar untuk aplikasi medis, terutama penanganan infeksi kulit secara aman dan berkelanjutan.
Abstract
Skin infections caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are common health issues in Indonesia, particularly among individuals with medical conditions like diabetes. Effective, safe, and environmentally friendly antibacterial agents are needed. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) possess strong antibacterial activity but tend to aggregate, reducing their stability and effectiveness. Combining AgNPs with graphene oxide (GO) can improve both stability and performance. This study developed a natural-based GO/AgNPs nanocomposite, with GO synthesized using a modified Hummers method and AgNPs produced through green synthesis. Variations in the GO/AgNPs ratios (1:0.4; 1:0.5; 1:0.6; 1:0.7; 1:0.8) showed potential for enhanced antibacterial activity. Antibacterial performance was tested using the disk diffusion method against S. aureus and E. coli, with inhibition zones as indicators. Results showed that the GO/AgNPs composite could inhibit both bacteria, with the highest effectiveness at a 1:0.5 ratio—94.48% for S. aureus and 94.82% for E. coli. The antibacterial mechanism includes the release of Ag⁺ ions that damage bacterial proteins and DNA, ROS formation that induces oxidative stress, and GO sheet interactions that disrupt cell membranes. Compared to previous studies using conventional synthesis, this natural-based nanocomposite demonstrated higher stability and effectiveness due to more uniform AgNP distribution and more controlled ion release. The GO–AgNPs combination holds strong potential for medical applications, particularly for safe and sustainable skin infection treatment.
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