Effect of Temperature and Holding Time Variations in the Heat Treatment Process on the Hardness and Ductility of AISI 1045 Steel.
Pengaruh Variasi Suhu dan Waktu Tahan pada Proses Heat Treatment terhadap Kekerasan dan Keuletan Baja AISI 1045.
Keywords:
Baja AISI 1045, heat treatment, suhu, waktu tahan, kekerasan, keuletanAbstract
AISI 1045 steel is a medium-carbon steel widely used in industrial components due to its favorable mechanical properties; however, it remains susceptible to cracking and fracture under high working loads. Mechanical properties can be improved through the heat treatment process by varying the heating temperature and holding time. This study aimed to analyze the effects of these parameters on the hardness and ductility of AISI 1045 steel and to determine the optimum heat treatment conditions. An experimental method was employed using heating temperatures of 800°C and 900°C with holding times of 20, 30, and 40 minutes, followed by water quenching using mineral water. Mechanical properties were evaluated through Rockwell hardness testing on the C scale and tensile testing in accordance with ASTM E8 standards. The results indicated that both heating temperature and holding time significantly affected the hardness and ductility of AISI 1045 steel. The hardness increased from 14.83 HRC to 60.33 HRC, while the maximum tensile strength improved from 529.71 MPa to 1,200.73 MPa at a heating temperature of 900°C with a holding time of 40 minutes. Conversely, the tensile elongation decreased from 16.735% to 5.175%, indicating reduced ductility due to the predominance of the martensite phase. Overall, the heat treatment condition of 900°C with a 40-minute holding time produced the optimum mechanical properties, whereas the treatment at 900°C for 30 minutes showed no statistically significant difference and may therefore serve as a more efficient alternative.
Keywords: AISI 1045 steel, heat treatment, temperature, holding time, hardness, ductility.
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