EFL's Learners' Motivation and Attitude in English Language Learning:
A Qualitative Study
Keywords:
motivation, language attitudeAbstract
Abstrak
Studi kualitatif ini berupaya memahami faktor pendorong khusus di balik motivasi dan sikap pembelajar bahasa Inggris terhadap bahasa tersebut, serta bagaimana motivasi memengaruhi sikap tersebut. Fokusnya adalah pada enam belas siswa yang dipilih secara sengaja dari kursus bahasa Inggris privat di Jawa Timur. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan bantuan wawancara semi-terstruktur dan dianalisis berdasarkan analisis tematik. Teori Penentuan Nasib Sendiri (Ryan & Deci, 2000) merupakan kerangka teoritis utama yang memandu penelitian ini. Temuan yang terkait dengan pertanyaan penelitian pertama mengidentifikasi dua bentuk motivasi yang dominan: intrinsik dan ekstrinsik. Motivasi intrinsik yang lebih umum, dikaitkan dengan minat pribadi dan mencakup faktor-faktor seperti keingintahuan intelektual, kepuasan emosional, pengembangan diri, dan tujuan komunikasi global. Beberapa bentuk motivasi ekstrinsik juga muncul melalui prestasi akademik, harapan orang tua, perilaku yang dihargai, dan norma sosial, meskipun hal-hal tersebut jauh kurang dominan. Terkait dengan pertanyaan penelitian kedua, siswa menunjukkan berbagai sikap terhadap pembelajaran bahasa Inggris. Mayoritas menyatakan sikap positif atau sangat positif, ditandai dengan kesenangan, keterlibatan, dan kemauan untuk meningkatkan diri. Namun, sebagian kecil menyatakan sikap negatif yang terkait dengan tekanan eksternal atau kepercayaan diri yang rendah. Pertanyaan ketiga meneliti bagaimana motivasi dan sikap saling terkait. Siswa dengan motivasi intrinsik yang kuat atau gaya motivasi campuran ditemukan lebih positif dalam sikap mereka, sementara mereka yang termotivasi murni secara ekstrinsik cenderung lebih negatif atau apatis dalam sikap mereka. Ini menggarisbawahi peran motivasi, terutama motivasi internal, dalam membentuk keterlibatan emosional dan perilaku pelajar dalam konteks Bahasa Inggris sebagai Bahasa Asing (EFL). Penelitian ini memperluas pemahaman tentang motivasi dan psikologi pelajar dalam konteks pendidikan informal, menyediakan sumber daya yang berharga bagi para pendidik dan perancang kursus yang berusaha meningkatkan motivasi dan sikap siswa.
Kata Kunci: motivasi, sikap bahasa, motivasi intrinsik, motivasi ekstrinsik, pendidikan informal
Abstract
This qualitative study seeks to understand the specific drivers behind English learners’ motivations and their attitudes towards the language, as well as how motivation impacts these attitudes. The focus is on sixteen purposively selected students from a private English course in East Java. Data collection was accomplished with the aid of semi-structured interviews and analyzed based on thematic analysis. Self-Determination Theory (Ryan & Deci, 2000) was the main theoretical framework guiding the research. Findings related to the first research question identified two predominant forms of motivation: intrinsic and extrinsic. The more prevalent, intrinsic motivation, was tied to personal interests and included factors such as intellectual curiosity, emotional satisfaction, self-development, and global communication goals. Some forms of extrinsic motivation also emerged through academic achievement, parental expectancy, rewarded behavior, and social norms, although these were far less dominant. Relating to the second research question, students exhibited a range of attitudes towards learning English. A majority expressed positive or very positive attitudes, characterized by enjoyment, engagement, and a willingness to improve. However, a smaller subset expressed negative attitudes linked to external pressures or low self-confidence. The third question examined how motivation and attitudes are interrelated. Students with strong intrinsic motivation or mixed motivational styles were found to be more positive in their attitudes, while those motivated purely extrinsically tended to be more negative or apathetic in their attitudes. This underscores the role of motivation, especially internalized motivation, in shaping learners’ emotional and behavioral engagement in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context. This research broadens the understanding of learner motivation and psychology within informal education contexts, providing a valuable resource for educators and course designers seeking to improve student motivation and attitude.
Keywords: motivation, language attitude, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, informal education
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