Open Access Statement

Retain: Journal of Research in English Language Teaching is a fully open-access journal. All published articles are made immediately and permanently available to the public at no charge, in accordance with the principles of open scholarly communication.

Retain subscribes to the belief that making scholarly-processed articles freely available to the public promotes a greater global exchange of knowledge. This is consistent with the journal's institutional mandate as a publication of Universitas Negeri Surabaya.

Creative Commons Licence
All articles published in Retain are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Under this licence, readers are free to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material), subject to the following conditions:

• Attribution — appropriate credit must be given to the original author(s) and source, including a link to the licence
• NonCommercial — the material may not be used for commercial purposes without written consent of the author(s)
• ShareAlike — any adapted works must be distributed under the same licence as the original
Copyright Ownership

The copyright of any article published in Retain rests with the author(s) and/or contributor(s). As a condition of publication, author(s) agree to release their copyright under the shared CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence described above.