STUDI HISTORIS GERAKAN MESIANISME PAK DJEBRAK DI MOJOKERTO 1923

Abstract

In the 19th until the early 20th century, the messianic movement or also known as the Ratu Adil movement by Javanese people much occured on the island of Java. One of the messianic movements that occurred in East Java was the messianic movement of Pak Djebrak in Mojokerto, 1923. So far, studies on this movement have been limited. In some literatures, Pak Djebrak’s messianic movement is only mentioned as one example of the messianic movement that has ever been in East Java without the chronology of events and the accompanying factors.
The purpose of this research is to (1) explain the background of the Pak Djebrak’s messianic movement in Mojokerto, 1923, (2) describe the dynamics of Pak Djebrak’s messianic movement in Mojokerto, 1923, (3) analyze the impact of Pak Djebrak’s messianic movement on political aspect in Mojokerto. The method used in this research is historical method. The historical method consist of four stages, heuristics (source collect), source criticque (source test), interpretation (analysis and synthesis the fact), and historiography (writing research result) in the form scientific articles.The result of this research. (1) The background of Pak Djebrak’s messianisc movement was motivated by two factors. First, the gap factor in economic, social, and educational aspects triggers the emergence of a search for a restorative life solution. In this context, Pak Djebrak’s claim emerged as Ratoe-Modjopait. Second, the socio-cultural factor of the Mojokerto communty which has a picture of the ideal life of the past life during the Majapahit Kingdom. In this context, the nostalgic aspect became the spirit of the Pak Djebrak movement. (2) Pak Djebrak’s messianic movement started with an idea that Pak Djebrak Received through a dream to carry out the mandate as the incarnation The King of Majapahit. Pak Djebrak became known as Doekoen-Soembersoewoek who had a followers. The realationship that was built between Pak Djebrak and his followers indicated a patron-clien relationship. Pak Djebrak and his followers plan to the center of Mojokerto City to declare themselves as King of Majapahit. However, the plan failed because it was discovered by the spies of Patih Mojokerto. (3) The impact of the Pak Djebrak’s messianic movement on political aspect. Politically, Pak Djebrak’s messianic movement provided shock therapy to the government of gemeente Mojokerto. As a result, the government of gemeente Mojokerto is increasingly wary of association, especially those of religious, that have the potential to carry out movements. This vigilance is then manifested in the form of surveillance and repressive action.
Keywords: Pak Djebrak, Mesianism Movement, Mojokerto.