Perkembangan Pendidikan Kolonial di Gemeente Probolinggo Tahun 1918-1942

Abstract

Education and society, both are related to each other, and alongside the development of educations can affect the dynamism of society life. In Ethical Politics programme, Gemeente Probolinggo take part as for building western elementary and advance schools for colonial education purpose that the Goverment of Hollands-Indie want so they could get educated labor at low prices. Behind all the purposes that the Goverment of Hollands-Indie hoped for, in its empirical condition, those purposes bring up another substance in Gemeente Probolinggo society and that is the education has created a social mobility in Gemeente Probolinggo society. The formulation of the problem which is the basis of research in this study is about how the development of colonialeducation and the education mapping in Gemeente Probolinggo at 1918-1942, and about the relation between social mobility of Gemeente Probolinggo society and colonial educations that the government of Hollands-Indie held. This study used a historical research’s methods that consisting four phases, first process is heuristic, is the collection of sources obtained from the East Java Regional Library and Archive Service, the Probolinggo Library and Archives Service, the University of state Surabaya Library, etc. The second process is the criticism of the source of the test and verification of sources acquired. The third process is interpretation, as for interpreting the data that has been obtained and has been verified. The last process is historiography, which is writing the results of historical research in chronological and analytical order. The result obtained indicate that the development of education in Gemeente Probolinggo has increased based on statistics on the number of students in the colonial education facilities that had been provided, accounting for an increase of up to 16% or about 18.335 students in all primary schools both indegeneous and western schools in 1932 compared to the student population in 1930 with a total of 13.864 students, and by the increase in the number, there is possibility that in Gemeente Probolinggo there is social mobility through education as the medium. In this case the category is sponsor social mobility in vertical social mobility of society type (Turner theory), which the title of nobility is not only obtained based on lineage, but alse changed based on education graduates or jobs owned also their position in their job. The development on education is used by people with middle to lower social strata to be able to take education, become educated graduates, then could serve in goverment circles or work and has position in private companies. Therefore, the provision of colonial education has given birth to a new group of people in Gemeente Probolinggo whose called the new priyayi.
Keywords: Colonial Education, Gemeente Probolinggo, Social Mobility.