EKSISTENSI KOMUNITAS KAMPUNG ARAB AMPEL SURABAYA DALAM PELESTARIAN KEBUDAYAAN ISLAM PASCA REFORMASI 1998-2019

The Existence of the Arab Ampel Community in Surabaya in Preserving Islamic Culture Post-Reformation

Abstract

Abstrak

Kawasan Ampel Surabaya merupakan episentrum peradaban Islam di Jawa Timur sekaligus basis komunitas keturunan Arab (Hadhrami). Era Reformasi 1998 membawa perubahan fundamental berupa keterbukaan ekspresi identitas yang beriringan dengan tantangan arus globalisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi eksistensi dan dinamika pelestarian kebudayaan Islam komunitas Ampel di tengah perubahan sosial-politik pasca-Reformasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang meliputi heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi, dengan pendekatan sejarah sosial-budaya. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan tokoh agama, pemuda, dan pelaku budaya, serta studi literatur dan arsip. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eksistensi budaya di Ampel dipertahankan melalui mekanisme "strategi pertahanan berlapis". Pertama, wujud kebudayaan yang dilestarikan meliputi ritual (Haul Agung dan Maulid), kesenian (Musik Gambus dan Hadrah), tradisi lisan (ilmu nasab), serta kuliner khas. Kedua, strategi pelestarian melibatkan sinergi antar-agen: keluarga sebagai basis penanaman nilai, lembaga pendidikan yang mengintegrasikan kurikulum, manajemen modern Masjid Agung Sunan Ampel, peran organisasi komunal (Rabithah Alawiyah) dalam menjaga kohesi sosial, serta adaptasi teknologi digital oleh generasi muda. Ketiga, proses pelestarian bersifat dialektis; komunitas menghadapi tantangan komersialisasi pariwisata dan gentrifikasi, namun mampu meresponsnya dengan memanfaatkan regulasi cagar budaya dan konektivitas jaringan diaspora global. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa komunitas Ampel berhasil bertahan bukan dengan menutup diri, melainkan melalui negosiasi kreatif antara tradisi dan modernitas.

Kata Kunci : Kampung Arab Ampel, Pelestarian Budaya, Identitas Hadhrami, Pasca-Reformasi, Sejarah Sosial.

Abstract

   The Ampel district in Surabaya serves as an epicenter of Islamic civilization in East Java and is home to the Arab (Hadhrami) descendant community. The 1998 Reformation era brought fundamental changes, opening spaces for identity expression while simultaneously presenting challenges of globalization. This study aims to analyze the existence strategies and dynamics of Islamic cultural preservation within the Ampel community amidst post-Reformation socio-political changes. This study employs the historical method, comprising heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography, utilizing a socio-cultural history approach. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews with religious leaders, youth, and cultural practitioners, as well as literature and archival studies. The results indicate that cultural existence in Ampel is maintained through a "layered defense strategy." First, preserved cultural forms include religious rituals (Haul Agung and Maulid), arts (Gambus and Hadrah music), oral traditions (genealogy/nasab), and culinary heritage. Second, preservation strategies involve synergy among agents: families as the basis for value inculcation, educational institutions integrating curriculums, modern management of the Sunan Ampel Great Mosque, the role of communal organizations (Rabithah Alawiyah) in maintaining social cohesion, and digital technology adaptation by the younger generation. Third, the preservation process is dialectical; the community faces challenges of tourism commercialization and gentrification but responds by utilizing cultural heritage regulations and global diaspora network connectivity. This study concludes that the Ampel community successfully survives not by isolation, but through creative negotiation between tradition and modernity 

Keywords: Arab Ampel Village, Cultural Preservation, Hadhrami Identity, Post-Reformation, Social History