SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI TIO2 - CU DENGAN METODE GREEN SYNTHESIS EKSTRAK KULIT JERUK PADA APLIKASI DSSC

Adinda Priskia Cahya Putri; Adawiyyah Nuurul Aini; Galuh Aryseno; Anis Safaatul Rohmah; M. Hoiron; Evi Suaebah; Ersyzario Edo Yunata

doi:10.26740/ifi.v15n2.p327-336

Authors

Adinda Priskia Cahya Putri Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Adawiyyah Nuurul Aini Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Galuh Aryseno Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Anis Safaatul Rohmah Universitas Negeri Surabaya
M. Hoiron Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Evi Suaebah Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Ersyzario Edo Yunata Universitas Airlangga

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26740/ifi.v15n2.p327-336

Keywords:

TiO2-Cu, Green Synthesis, Kulit Jeruk, DSSC, Fotoanoda

Abstract

Abstrak

Peningkatan kebutuhan energi listrik di Indonesia mendorong pengembangan teknologi energi terbarukan, termasuk Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). Penelitian ini bertujuan mensintesis dan mengkarakterisasi material TiO₂–Cu menggunakan metode green synthesis berbasis ekstrak kulit jeruk (Citrus sinensis) sebagai agen pereduksi alami. Proses sintesis meliputi preparasi ekstrak kulit jeruk, pembentukan TiO₂ nanopartikel melalui reaksi TTIP–ekstrak, komposit Cu, serta kalsinasi pada 500°C. Karakterisasi FTIR menunjukkan pita serapan khas Ti–O dan Ti–O–Ti pada rentang 426–569 cm⁻¹, serta gugus –OH dan sisa biomolekul organik yang menegaskan keberhasilan sintesis hijau. Analisis UV-Vis menghasilkan nilai band gap TiO₂ sebesar 4,1 eV, menunjukkan karakter semikonduktor anatase dengan respons optik dominan pada wilayah ultraviolet. Uji performa DSSC yang difabrikasi menggunakan komposit TiO₂–Cu dan dye alami daun ketapang menghasilkan nilai open-circuit voltage (Voc) sebesar 0,479 V, short-circuit current (Isc) 0,02 mA, dan efisiensi konversi energi 0,00426%. Hasil ini mengonfirmasi bahwa ekstrak kulit jeruk berperan sebagai bioreduktor efektif dalam pembentukan TiO₂–Cu, namun performa fotovoltaik masih rendah sehingga diperlukan optimasi lanjutan terkait morfologi, struktur pita energi, dan kompatibilitas dye. Penelitian ini menunjukkan potensi pemanfaatan limbah biomassa sebagai prekursor ramah lingkungan dalam pengembangan fotoanoda DSSC berbasis energi hijau.

Kata Kunci: TiO₂–Cu, green synthesis, kulit jeruk, DSSC, fotoanoda

Abstract

The increasing demand for electrical energy in Indonesia highlights the need for the development of renewable technologies such as Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC). This study aims to synthesize and characterize TiO₂–Cu materials using a green synthesis approach employing orange peel extract (Citrus sinensis) as a natural reducing agent. The synthesis process involved extract preparation, TiO₂ nanoparticle formation via TTIP–extract reaction, Cu incorporation, and calcination at 500°C. FTIR characterization confirmed the formation of Ti–O and Ti–O–Ti bonding at 426–569 cm⁻¹, accompanied by –OH groups and residual organic biomolecules, indicating the successful formation of TiO₂ via a green route. UV-Vis analysis showed a band gap of 4.1 eV, consistent with anatase-type semiconductors with dominant UV absorption. DSSC performance testing using TiO₂–Cu composite photoanodes and natural ketapang leaf dye yielded an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0,479 V, a short-circuit current (Isc) of 0,02 mA, and a power conversion efficiency of 0.00426%. These results demonstrate that orange peel extract functions effectively as a bioreducing agent for TiO₂–Cu formation; however, the photovoltaic performance remains low, requiring further optimization of morphology, electronic structure, and dye compatibility. Overall, this study highlights the potential of biomass waste as an eco-friendly precursor for developing green-based DSSC photoanodes.

Keywords: TiO₂–Cu, green synthesis, orange peel extract, DSSC, photoanode

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