PROSES PEMBELAJARAN PESERTA DIDIK PENYANDANG DISABILITAS DI SEKOLAH INKLUSI (Studi Kasus di SD Negeri Lidah Wetan IV / 566 Surabaya)

Abstract

Abstrak

Pendidikan merupakan kebutuhan dasar bagi semua orang termasuk penyandang disabilitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan proses pembelajaran peserta didik penyandang disabilitas di SD Negeri Lidah Wetan IV / 566 Surabaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Sumber data yakni guru kelas, kepala sekolah dan peserta didik penyandang disabilitas. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis data Miles & Huberman yakni reduksi data, penyajian data dan menentukan kesimpulan. Uji keabsahan data meliputi uji kredibilitas, dependabilitas, konfirmabilitas dan transferabilitas. Fokus penelitian ini adalah perencanaan pembelajaran, pelaksanaan pembelajaran, evaluasi pembelajaran pada proses pembelajaran peserta didik penyandang disabilitas serta kendala dan solusinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) Perencanaan pembelajaran dengan mengakomodasi tugas, dan rencana penilaian. 2) Pelaksanaan pembelajaran meliputi pendampingan khusus, waktu tambahan dan pendekatan individual. 3) Evalusai pembelajaran dengan menyesuaikan bobot penilaian dan pencatatan hasil belajar. 4) Kendala yang dialami sekolah seperti kemampuan guru terkait pendidikan inklusi yang masih kurang, karakteristik dan kebutuhan peserta didik penyandang disabilitas yang beragam serta keterbatasan sarana prasarana, 5) Solusi dalam menghadapi kendala yaitu guru menginisiasi mencari pengetahuan tentang pendidikan inklusi, diskusi dengan guru yang berpengalaman, melibatkan partisipasi orang tua serta menjalin kerjasama dengan Pusat Layanan Disabilitas (PLD).

Kata Kunci: proses pembelajaran, disabilitas, sekolah inklusi

Abstract

Education is a basic need for everyone including people with disabilities. This research aims to describe the learning process of students with disabilities at SD Negeri Lidah Wetan IV / 566 Surabaya. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study research type. Data sources are class teachers, principals and students with disabilities. Data collection techniques include interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis technique uses Miles & Huberman data analysis, namely data reduction, data presentation and determining conclusions. Data validity tests include credibility, dependability, confirmability and transferability tests. The focus of this research is learning planning, learning implementation, learning evaluation in the learning process of students with disabilities as well as obstacles and solutions. The results showed that 1) Learning planning by accommodating tasks, and assessment plans. 2) Learning implementation includes special assistance, additional time and individualised approach. 3) Learning evaluation by adjusting the weight of the assessment and recording learning outcomes. 4) Constraints experienced by schools such as the lack of teachers' abilities related to inclusive education, the characteristics and needs of students with disabilities that are diverse and limited infrastructure, 5) Solutions in dealing with obstacles, namely teachers initiating the search for knowledge about inclusive education, discussions with experienced teachers, involving parental participation and establishing cooperation with the Disability Service Centre (PLD).

Keywords:  learning process, students with disabilities, inclusive education