Analisis Kebutuhan Pengembangan Bahan Ajar PPKN Bermuatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila Sekolah Dasar di Kota Surabaya

Abstract

Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) shapes students' character and awareness as responsible citizens. This research aims to explore learning methods, the effectiveness of teaching materials, and the challenges faced by teachers in teaching Pancasila and civic education. Methods: This research uses a qualitative approach. The population in this study is elementary school teachers in Surabaya City. Informants in this study were obtained through random sampling techniques. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis related to teaching materials and lesson plans. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques to identify patterns and main themes in civics learning. Results The results showed that using technology-based teaching materials and varied learning methods such as audiovisual, role play, and discussion can improve students' understanding and interest. However, teachers face challenges in equalizing student characters and integrating Pancasila values into daily life. The development of relevant and varied teaching materials is significant for improving the effectiveness of civics learning. A deep understanding of student characteristics and the challenges faced by teachers is also needed to achieve the learning objectives of civics.