Gambaran Psikologis Subjek dengan Skizofrenia Hebefrenik: Studi Kasus Berdasarkan Teori Kelekatan dan Psikologi Individual
Studi Kasus Berdasarkan Teori Kelekatan dan Psikologi Individual
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/cjpp.v13n01.p386-392Keywords:
Kelekatan, psikologi individual, skizofrenia hebefrenik, studi kasus klinisAbstract
Skizofrenia hebefrenik merupakan gangguan jiwa kronis yang sering kali muncul pada usia remaja dan sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor psikososial dan aspek biologis. Gejala klinis muncul berupa disorganisasi berpikir dan perilaku yang sering berakar dari dinamika dan relasi keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran psikologis mengenai subjek dengan skizofrenia hebefrenik melalui teori kelekatan dan psikologi individual. Penelitian kualitatif studi kasus yang dilakukan terhadap salah satu pasien berinisial IP (16 tahun) di Rumah Sakit X Surabaya. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi harian, wawancara (autoanamnesis dan alloanamnesis), serta psikotes proyektif. Temuan menunjukkan subjek mengalami halusinasi auditori dan disorganisasi afek yang signifikan. Dinamika keluarga mengungkap adanya ketimpangan kasih sayang dan pola asuh overprotektif yang memicu disorganized attachment. Subjek juga mengalami kompleks inferioritas akibat perasaan “turun takhta” setelah kelahiran adiknya. Simtom hebefrenik pada subjek merupakan manifestasi dari mekanisme pertahanan diri terhadap luka kelekatan masa kecil dan ketidakmampuan menghadapi tuntutan sosial.
Abstract
Hebephrenic schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder that frequently emerges during adolescence and is strongly influenced by psychosocial factors and biological aspects. Clinical symptoms appear in the form of disorganized thinking and behavior that are often rooted in family dynamics and relationships. This study aims to provide a psychological description of a subject with hebephrenic schizophrenia through the lenses of attachment theory and individual psychology. A qualitative case study conducted on a patient with the initials IP (16 years old) at X Surabaya Hospital. Data were collected through daily observations, interviews including both auto-anamnesis and allo-anamnesis, and the administration of projective psychological tests. The findings show that the subject experiences auditory hallucinations and significant disorganization of affect. Family dynamics reveal an imbalance of affection and overprotective parenting patterns that triggered a disorganized attachment style. Furthermore, the subject experiences an inferiority complex due to the feeling of being dethroned after the birth of a younger sibling. The hebephrenic symptoms in the subject are a manifestation of a self-defense mechanism against childhood attachment wounds and the inability to face social demands.
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