KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT NELAYAN PESISIR UTARA PASURUAN TAHUN 1900-1940

Abstract

The objectives of this historical research ware 1. The pattern of fishermen's settlements in Pasuruan to analyze the fishermen's lives (social, economic, and cultural conditions); 2. To analyze the organization of fishermen and fishery businesses in Pasuruan; 3. To analyze social inequality in the fishing community of Pasuruan. The method used in this research is the historical method which includes heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography processes with a focus on 1. Fishermen's settlement patterns and fisherman's lifestyle (social, economic, and cultural conditions) in 1900-1940; 2. The organization established by the fishing community of Pasuruan in 1900-1940; 3. Inequality that occurred in Pasuruan fishermen in 1900-1940. The results obtained indicate that the fishing community of Pasuruan has a linear or elongated residential pattern with various population backgrounds. The diversity of the Pasuruan coastal fishing community triggers the emergence of social classes. The influx of foreign residents also dominates and makes many changes in various sectors of Pasuruan fishermen's life. The classification of social class creates economic inequality and triggers the emergence of social organizations for fishermen. The organizational structure of Pasuruan fishermen is not profitable for local fishermen, they only become labor fishermen and pandega fishermen, while skippers and middlemen are dominated by Chinese people or commonly called pachters. According to the Staatsblad of 1849, no. 52 Everyone can participate in the auction tender, but the entry of pachters is facilitated by the Dutch through a profit-sharing tender, so that the results obtained by local fishermen in Pasuruan are minimal because the tax burden is burdened on fishermen. The benefits of this research can be used as a study by the Ministry of Fisheries to improve the social and economic conditions of fishing communities, and can be used as a guide to see the history of the emergence of fish trade monopoly in Indonesia.
Keywords: Pasuruan Fishermen, Pandega, Pachter.