JENGKI ARCHITECTURE AS A FORM OF REJECTION AGAINST COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE IN THE 20TH CENTURY

ARSITEKTUR JENGKI SEBAGAI BENTUK PENOLAKAN TERHADAP ARSITEKTUR KOLONIAL PADA ABAD XX

Abstract

The social and political conditions that occurred in 1950-1960 also influenced the formation of socio-cultural characters and the richness of building architecture as part of the pulse of the city of Surabaya. The existence of jengki (yankee) architecture cannot be separated from political influences because in the development of this style, there was a spirit of nationalism of architects who wanted to eliminate the remnants of colonialism in Indonesia after independence. This anti-colonial spirit was poured by architects into a form of typical Indonesian architecture which was later known as jengki (yankee) architecture. The formulation of the problem taken in this study is (1) How were the social and political conditions of Surabaya in the 20^th century? (2) Why did jengki (yankee) architecture become a form of rejection of colonial architecture? (3) What is the typology of the form of jengki (yankee) architectural buildings in the city of Surabaya?. The research method used by the researcher is the historical method consisting of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results of the study show that in the period of 1950-1960, the socio-political conditions in Surabaya were still unstable because of colonialism so that they also influenced the process of urban development. The existence of this social phenomenon influenced the form and characteristics of the building architecture so that the original Indonesian jengki (yankee) architecture was born which was very different from colonial architecture and was created based on the architect's desire to find identity and freedom of expression after colonialism. In the study of the typology of the facade of jengki (yankee) architecture in Surabaya, similarities were found in the color, roof, window, roster, and wall ornament of the building.