Kelayakan Instrumen Penilaian Formatif Berbasis Literasi Sains Peserta Didik pada Materi Pemanasan Global

Abstract

Abstrak

Artikel ini menyajikan hasil analisis kelayakan instrumen penilaian formatif berbasis literasi sains peserta didik pada materi Pemanasan Global. Model penelitian ADDIE diterapkan dalam pengembangan instrumen untuk 25 butir soal berbentuk uraian yang berpedoman pada kompetensi literasi sains PISA dan indikator berpikir kritis. Kelayakan instrumen berbentuk tes uraian secara online ini ditinjau dari enam kriteria, yaitu validitas logis dan empiris butir soal, reliabilitas, taraf kesukaran, dan daya pembeda, serta efektivitas penggunaan instrumen dalam mengukur kemampuan literasi sains dan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik. Penelitian ini melibatkan tiga validator dan 100 peserta didik kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Gedangan pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa: a) validitas logis 25 butir soal dinyatakan layak pada kategori sangat valid dengan persentase 97%, b) 16 butir soal memenuhi validitas empiris dalam kategori valid hingga sangat valid, c) koefisien reliabilitas mencapai 0,822 dalam kategori sangat kuat, d) taraf kesukaran butir soal berada pada kategori sedang dengan rentang indeks 0,45 - 0,68, e) daya pembeda butir soal dalam kategori cukup hingga baik sekali dengan rentang indeks 0,31 - 1,00, dan f) berdasarkan analisis data angket respons peserta didik, efektivitas penggunaan instrumen penilaian dalam kategori sangat baik dengan rentang nilai ≥ 75. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 16 butir soal (64%) yang dikembangkan valid dan reliabel serta mampu mengukur dan memotret profil kemampuan literasi sains serta berpikir kritis peserta didik, sehingga layak untuk digunakan.

Kata kunci: berpikir kritis, instrumen penilaian formatif, kelayakan, literasi sains, pemanasan global

Abstract

This article describes the results of the feasibility analysis of a formative instrument based on students' scientific literacy on Global Warming. The ADDIE research model was applied in the development of 25 question items in the form of descriptions based on PISA scientific literacy competencies and indicators of critical thinking. The feasibility of the instrument in the form of an online essay test in terms of six criteria, namely the logical and empirical validity of the items, reliability, difficulty level, and distinguishing power, and the effectiveness of the use of the instrument in measuring  scientific literacy skills and critical thinking skills students. This study involved three validators and 100 students of class XI SMA Negeri 1 Gedangan even semester of the 2019/2020 school year. The results of data analysis show that: a) the logical validity of the 25 question items is feasible in the very valid category with a percentage of 97%, b) 16 question items meet the empirical validity in the valid to very valid category, c) the reliability coefficient reaches 0.822 in the very strong category d ) the difficulty of the items is in the medium category with an index range of 0.45 to 0.68, e) the distinguishing power of the items in the category is quite good with an index range of 0.31 to 1.00, and f) based on the analysis of the questionnaire response data, the use of instruments in the very good category with a value range ≥ 75. The results showed as many as 16 questions (64%) were developed valid and reliable and were able to measure and photograph the ability of the scientific literacy profile and students' critical thinking so that it was suitable for use.

Key words: critical thinking, formative assessment, scientific literacy, global warming