Gambaran Psikologis Pasien dengan Skizofrenia Paranoid

Authors

  • Ihfni Khasya Maulida Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • Muhammad Nuril Mukminin Universitas Negeri Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26740/cjpp.v13n01.p379-385

Keywords:

Skizofrenia paranoid, Dinamika psikologis, Pendekatan psikoanalisis

Abstract

Skizofrenia paranoid merupakan salah satu gangguan psikotik berat yang ditandai oleh dominasi halusinasi dan waham yang dapat mengganggu fungsi psikologis dan sosial individu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dinamika psikologis pasien dengan skizofrenia paranoid melalui perspektif teori psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus terhadap seorang pasien perempuan dewasa yang menjalani perawatan rawat inap di rumah sakit jiwa. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara (autoanamnesa dan alloanamnesa), observasi, serta studi dokumentasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa gangguan yang dialami pasien dipengaruhi oleh konflik intrapsikis yang berkepanjangan, konflik keluarga, serta pengalaman kehilangan figur otoritas. Kondisi tersebut memicu penggunaan mekanisme pertahanan ego yang tidak adaptif, seperti proyeksi dan distorsi realitas yang termanifestasi dalam bentuk halusinasi auditorik serta waham kejar dan kebesaran. Berdasarkan kerangka psikoanalisis, ketidakmampuan ego dalam mengelola dorongan id dan tuntutan superego menyebabkan melemahnya fungsi realitas, sehingga gejala psikotik semakin menonjol. Implikasi penulisan ini menegaskan pentingnya pemahaman dinamika psikologis pasien sebagai dasar pemberian intervensi psikologis yang komprehensif dan berkesinambungan, selain penanganan farmakologis.

Abstract

Paranoid schizophrenia is a severe psychotic disorder characterized by the predominance of hallucinations and delusions that significantly impair an individual’s psychological and social functioning. This study aims to analyze the psychological dynamics of a patient with paranoid schizophrenia through the perspective of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed involving an adult female patient undergoing inpatient treatment in a psychiatric hospital. Data were collected through interviews (autoanamnesis and alloanamnesis), behavioral observation, and document analysis. The findings indicate that the patient’s condition is influenced by prolonged intrapsychic conflicts, family conflicts, and experiences of losing an authority figure. These factors trigger the use of maladaptive ego defense mechanisms, such as projection and distortion of reality, which manifest in the form of auditory hallucinations as well as persecutory and grandiose delusions. From a psychoanalytic perspective, the ego’s inability to manage the impulses of the id and the demands of the superego leads to a weakening of reality testing, thereby intensifying psychotic symptoms. The implications of this paper emphasize the importance of understanding patients’ psychological dynamics as a basis for providing comprehensive and continuous psychological interventions alongside pharmacological treatment.

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Published

2026-01-31

How to Cite

Ihfni Khasya Maulida, & Mukminin, M. N. (2026). Gambaran Psikologis Pasien dengan Skizofrenia Paranoid. Character Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 13(01), 379–385. https://doi.org/10.26740/cjpp.v13n01.p379-385
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