ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY: PINOSTROBIN AND N-HEXANE FRACTION FROM ETHANOL EXTRACT OF FINGERROOT RHIZOME (Boesenbergia pandurata) AGAINST Staphylococcus aureus
Main Article Content
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacterium caused by serious infections, and its resistance to antibiotics continues to increase. The rhizome of Boesenbergia pandurata is known to contain terpenylated flavonoids that have potential as new antibacterial agents. This study aimed to isolate the compound pinostrobin from fingerroot, characterize its structure, and evaluate the antibacterial activity of pinostrobin and the n-hexane fraction against S. aureus. The research method included maceration of the fingerroot with ethanol, liquid-liquid fractionation with n-hexane:ethanol (1:1), and purification of pinostrobin by recrystallization. The concentrated extract obtained was 5.51 g (5.5%), and the n-hexane fraction was 0.24 g (4.4%). Structural analysis with FTIR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, and MS confirmed the isolate as pinostrobin. The antibacterial assay by disc diffusion method showed that pinostrobin had zero activity, while the n-hexane fraction produced inhibition zones of 7.5–10.0 mm in the range of 2,500–20,000 ppm. It is concluded that pinostrobin is not active as an antibacterial agent, and the activity of the n-hexane fraction was relatively weak, thus requiring further formulation development to enhance its effectiveness.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
[1] World Health Organization, “13 critical interventions that support countries to address antimicrobial resistance in human health,” WHO, Oct. 19, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/news/item/19-10-2023-13-critical-interventions-that-support-countries-to-address-antimicrobial-resistance-in-human-health. [Accessed: Feb. 16, 2026].
[2] E. Novitasari and D. Diptaningsari, “Patogen pembawa penyakit Staphylococcus aureus dan prevalensinya pada pangan hasil pertanian,” J. Ris. Agribisnis dan Peternak., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1–13, 2022.
[3] M. Miklasińska-Majdanik, M. Kępa, R. D. Wojtyczka, D. Idzik, and T. J. Wąsik, “Phenolic compounds diminish antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus clinical strains,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 15, no. 10, p. 2321, 2018, doi: 10.3390/ijerph15102321.
[4] G. Y. C. Cheung, J. S. Bae, and M. Otto, “Pathogenicity and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus,” Virulence, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 547–569, 2021, doi: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1878688.
[5] J. M. Kwiecinski and A. R. Horswill, “Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections: Pathogenesis and regulatory mechanisms,” Curr. Opin. Microbiol., vol. 53, pp. 51–60, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.02.005.
[6] N. Ahmad-Mansour et al., “Staphylococcus aureus toxins: An update on their pathogenic properties and potential treatments,” Toxins, vol. 13, no. 10, p. 677, 2021, doi: 10.3390/toxins13100677.
[7] H. M. A. AlSheikh et al., “Plant-based phytochemicals as possible alternative to antibiotics in combating bacterial drug resistance,” Antibiotics, vol. 9, no. 8, p. 480, 2020, doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9080480.
[8] A. Hrioua et al., “Complexation of amoxicillin by transition metals: Physico-chemical and antibacterial activity evaluation,” Bioelectrochemistry, vol. 142, p. 107936, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107936.
[9] M. Song et al., “Plant natural flavonoids against multidrug resistant pathogens,” Adv. Sci., vol. 8, no. 15, p. 2100749, 2021, doi: 10.1002/advs.202100749.
[10] J. Rondevaldova, J. Hummelova, J. Tauchen, and L. Kokoska, “In vitro antistaphylococcal synergistic effect of isoflavone metabolite demethyltexasin with amoxicillin and oxacillin,” Microb. Drug Resist., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 24–29, 2018, doi: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0033.
[11] A. K. Hati, N. Dyahariesti, and R. Yuswantina, “Penetapan kadar flavonoid dan uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak sereh (Cymbopogon nardus) dan temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata Roxb.) terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans,” Indones. J. Pharm. Nat. Prod., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 65–72, 2019, doi: 10.35473/ijpnp.v2i2.264.
[12] M. T. T. Nguyen et al., “A new flavanone derivative from the rhizomes of Boesenbergia pandurata,” Nat. Prod. Res., vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 1959–1965, 2022, doi: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1837822.
[13] H. Kim, C. Kim, D. U. Kim, H. C. Chung, and J. K. Hwang, “Inhibitory effects of Boesenbergia pandurata on age-related periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss in Fischer 344 rats,” J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 357–366, 2018, doi: 10.4014/jmb.1711.11043.
[14] S. P. N. Keliat, D. Darniati, A. Harris, E. Erina, R. Rinidar, and F. Fahkrurrazi, “The effect of fingerroot rhizome (Boesenbergia pandurata) extract on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro,” J. Med. Vet., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 178–185, 2019, doi: 10.21157/j.med.vet.v13i2.3654.
[15] M. Risma et al., “Isolasi dan uji aktivitas antibakteri metabolit sekunder pada ekstrak *n*-heksan rimpang temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata),” J. Sains Teknol. dan Lingkung., vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 245–249, 2023.
[16] A. P. Widiyana, S. Herlina, R. Risadiansyah, and G. Ashari, “Major phytochemicals of Boesenbergia pandurata rhizome by LC-HRMS and virtual screening of Staphylococcus aureus inhibition,” in BIO Web Conf., vol. 209, p. 03008, 2026, doi: 10.1051/bioconf/202620903008.
[17] F. H. Matondang, M. S. Lubis, R. Yuniarti, and Z. Rani, “Formulasi masker wajah serbuk nano teh celup bekas dan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis,” J. Pharm. Sci., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1–21, 2025, doi: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i1.685.
[18] A. Baran, A. Kwiatkowska, and L. Potocki, “Antibiotics and bacterial resistance—A short story of an endless arms race,” Int. J. Mol. Sci., vol. 24, no. 6, p. 5777, 2023, doi: 10.3390/ijms24065777.
[19] M. Rohmaniyah, “Uji antioksidan ekstrak etanol 80% dan fraksi aktif rumput bambu (Lophatherum gracile Brongn) menggunakan metode DPPH serta identifikasi kandungan senyawa aktif,” Skripsi, Fak. Sains dan Teknol., Univ. Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang, Indonesia, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://etheses.uin-malang.ac.id/2874/
[20] A. P. Widiyana, “Computation design: Nanostructured lipid carrier formula of pinostrobin,” J. Ilmu Farm. dan Farm. Klin., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 22–30, 2024, doi: 10.31942/jiffk.v21i1.8378.
[21] R. Melania, “Isolasi dan uji aktivitas antibakteri metabolit sekunder pada ekstrak n-heksan rimpang temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata),” Skripsi, Universitas Mataram, 2023.
[22] Liana et al., “Boesenbergia rotunda and its pinostrobin for atopic dermatitis: dual 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor and its mechanistic study through steady-state kinetics and molecular modeling,” Antioxidants, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 74, 2024, doi: 10.3390/antiox13010074.