MENWA UNESA PASCA-ORDE BARU: ANTARA BELA NEGARA DAN STIGMA PERPANJANGAN TANGAN MILITER (1998–2005)
UNESA'S POST-NEW ORDER MENWA: BETWEEN NATIONAL DEFENSE AND THE STIGMA OF MILITARY EXTENSION (1998–2005)
Abstract
AbstrakReformasi 1998 membawa perubahan besar terhadap sistem politik nasional dan kehidupan kampus di Indonesia. Perubahan tersebut turut memengaruhi keberadaan Resimen Mahasiswa (Menwa) sebagai organisasi kemahasiswaan yang memiliki karakter semi-militer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dinamika Menwa Universitas Negeri Surabaya (Unesa) pada periode 1998–2005, mengkaji pengaruh stigma sosial terhadap organisasi, serta menjelaskan strategi adaptasi yang dilakukan untuk mempertahankan eksistensinya di lingkungan kampus pascareformasi. Penelitian menggunakan metode sejarah kritis yang meliputi tahapan heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Data diperoleh melalui arsip organisasi, dokumentasi kegiatan, wawancara dengan anggota dan alumni Menwa, serta berbagai sumber pustaka yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Menwa Unesa mengalami transformasi organisasi sebagai respons terhadap perubahan politik dan budaya kampus pascareformasi. Organisasi menghadapi stigma sebagai perpanjangan tangan militer akibat kedekatan historis dengan institusi militer pada masa Orde Baru. Untuk menghadapi tantangan tersebut, Menwa melakukan reformulasi kaderisasi, reorientasi kegiatan sosial dan kemanusiaan, penguatan hubungan dengan birokrasi kampus, serta peningkatan komunikasi dengan organisasi mahasiswa lainnya. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keberlangsungan organisasi tidak hanya ditentukan oleh warisan sejarah yang dimiliki, tetapi juga oleh kemampuan organisasi dalam beradaptasi dengan perubahan lingkungan sosial dan politik.
Kata Kunci: Menwa Unesa, Reformasi, Bela Negara, Stigma Sosial, Organisasi Kemahasiswaan.
Abstract
The 1998 Reformation brought significant changes to the national political system and campus life in Indonesia. These changes also influenced the existence of the Student Regiment (Menwa) as a semi-military student organization. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of Menwa at Surabaya State University (Unesa) during the period 1998–2005, examine the influence of social stigma on the organization, and explain the adaptation strategies undertaken to maintain its existence in the post-reform campus environment. The study uses a critical history method that includes heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Data were obtained through organizational archives, activity documentation, interviews with Menwa members and alumni, and various relevant library sources. The results show that Menwa Unesa underwent organizational transformation in response to changes in campus politics and culture after the reformation. The organization faced stigma as an extension of the military due to its historical closeness to military institutions during the New Order era. To face these challenges, Menwa reformulated its cadre formation, reoriented its social and humanitarian activities, strengthened its relationship with the campus bureaucracy, and improved communication with other student organizations. This research shows that an organization's sustainability is determined not only by its historical legacy, but also by its ability to adapt to changes in the social and political environment.
Keywords: Unesa Student Regiment, Reform, National Defense, Social Stigma, Student Organizations.
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