Determinan Stress Kerja Dalam Organisasi: Kajian Literatur Sistematis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/cjpp.v12n01.p89-102Keywords:
Stres dalam organisasi, Pemicu stres, Konsekuensi stres, Manajemen stresAbstract
Stres kerja merupakan permasalahan signifikan dalam dunia organisasi yang berdampak pada kesejahteraan individu dan efektivitas organisasi secara keseluruhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor pemicu stres dalam lingkungan kerja, memahami dampaknya terhadap kinerja, serta mengevaluasi strategi penanganan stres yang efektif. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kajian literatur sistematis menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan menelusuri 31 artikel melalui Google Scholar yang kemudian diseleksi menjadi 15 artikel berdasarkan kualitas metodologi dan relevansi. Analisis tematik digunakan untuk mengkaji penyebab stres seperti beban kerja berlebihan, konflik peran, hubungan interpersonal yang buruk, perubahan teknologi, serta gaya kepemimpinan yang otoriter. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa stres berdampak negatif terhadap kesehatan fisik dan mental, menurunkan motivasi serta produktivitas kerja, namun jika dikelola dengan baik juga dapat menjadi pendorong positif. Strategi penanganan yang diidentifikasi meliputi intervensi individu, seperti teknik relaksasi dan manajemen waktu, serta intervensi organisasi, seperti pelatihan manajemen stres, perbaikan komunikasi internal, dan penciptaan lingkungan kerja yang inklusif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pemahaman mendalam mengenai determinan stres kerja dan pendekatan penanganannya sangat penting untuk menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang sehat dan produktif, serta meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan kinerja karyawan.
Abstract
Work-related stress is a significant issue in organizational settings, affecting both individual well-being and overall organizational effectiveness. This study aims to identify the determinants of workplace stress, examine its impact on performance, and evaluate effective stress management strategies. Employing a qualitative systematic literature review method, 31 articles were initially retrieved through Google Scholar and refined to 15 based on methodological quality and relevance. A thematic analysis revealed key stressors including excessive workload, role conflict, poor interpersonal relationships, technological changes, and authoritarian leadership styles. The findings indicate that stress negatively affects physical and mental health, reduces motivation, and decreases work productivity. However, when properly managed, stress can also act as a positive driving force. Effective coping strategies include individual interventions such as relaxation techniques and time management, as well as organizational measures like stress management training, improved internal communication, and the development of inclusive work environments. This study concludes that a comprehensive understanding of the determinants of work stress and the implementation of appropriate coping strategies are essential to fostering a healthy and productive workplace, enhancing both employee well-being and organizational performance.
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