Gambaran Dinamika Psikologis Pasien Skizoafektif Tipe Campuran dalam Perspektif Psikoanalisis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/cjpp.v13n01.p281-289Keywords:
gangguan skizoafektif, psikoanalisis, Studi Kasus, Dinamika PsikologisAbstract
Gangguan skizoafektif tipe campuran merupakan gangguan mental berat yang ditandai oleh kemunculan gejala psikotik yang menetap disertai fluktuasi suasana perasaan berupa episode depresi dan mania, sehingga menimbulkan gangguan signifikan pada fungsi psikososial individu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan secara mendalam dinamika psikologis pasien dengan gangguan skizoafektif tipe campuran melalui pendekatan psikoanalisis Freud. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi, yang kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif dan integratif menggunakan kerangka teoretis psikoanalisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gangguan yang dialami partisipan berakar pada konflik psikologis yang berlangsung sejak masa kanak-kanak, ditandai oleh dominasi superego yang kaku, lemahnya fungsi ego, serta represi emosi akibat pola relasi keluarga yang menekan dan pengalaman penolakan sosial yang berulang. Kondisi tersebut memicu munculnya gejala psikotik dan afektif sebagai bentuk kegagalan ego dalam mengelola dorongan internal dan realitas eksternal. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pemahaman psikodinamik penting untuk melengkapi intervensi medis agar penanganan pasien skizoafektif tipe campuran dapat dilakukan secara lebih komprehensif dan berkelanjutan.
Abstract
Mixed-type schizoaffective disorder is a severe mental disorder characterized by the persistent presence of psychotic symptoms accompanied by fluctuations in mood, including depressive and manic episodes, which result in significant impairment in psychosocial functioning. This study aims to provide an in-depth description of the psychological dynamics of a patient with mixed-type schizoaffective disorder using a Freudian psychoanalytic approach. The study employed a descriptive qualitative design with a case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis, and were subsequently analyzed descriptively and integratively within a psychoanalytic theoretical framework. The findings indicate that the participant’s condition is rooted in long-standing psychological conflicts originating in childhood, marked by a rigidly dominant superego, weakened ego functioning, and emotional repression resulting from oppressive family relationships and repeated experiences of social rejection. These conditions contribute to the emergence of psychotic and affective symptoms as manifestations of the ego’s failure to manage internal drives and external reality. This study concludes that a psychodynamic understanding is essential to complement medical interventions in order to achieve more comprehensive and sustainable treatment for patients with mixed-type schizoaffective disorder.
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