STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI ORANGTUA PADA ANAK AUTIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/cjpp.v9i1.44862Abstract
Abstrak
Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus adalah anak yang menyimpang dari rata-rata anak normal dalam hal ciri-ciri mental, kemampuan-kemampuan sensorik, fisik, perilaku sosial, emosional dan kemampuan berkomunikasi. Autisme merupakan salah satu klasifikasi anak berkebutuhan khusus, yakni anak dengan gangguan intelektual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan strategi komunikasi yang dilakukan orang tua pada anak autis. Sumber data berasal dari studi literatur baik dari buku, jurnal maupun hasil-hasil riset terkait dengan permasalahan komunikasi anak gangguan autisme serta wawancara mendalam dengan narasumber. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif, sedangkan teknik pengabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi dengan cara membandingkan antar sumber atau antar referensi. Strategi komunikasi yang dapat dilakukan oleh orang tua anak dengan ASD antara lain: melatih dan memfasilitasi anak dalam berkomunikasi sejak dini, menerapkan pola asuh demokratis dan otoritatif, melatih anak dengan pola komunikasi verbal dan nonverbal secara terus menerus, menumbuhkan sikap empati, berpikir positif, dan suportif, menanamkan konsep orientasi ekstensional dalam mendidik anak, serta memberikan reward atau imbalan. Strategi-strategi komunikasi di atas dapat diterapkan semuanya sehingga dapat menciptakan suatu langkah yang berkesinambungan untuk membantu orangtua dalam mengembangkan kemampuan berinteraksi sosial pada anak.
Kata kunci:Strategi komunikasi, autisme, interaksi sosial, pengasuhan orang tua
Abstract
The child with special needs is a deviant of the normal child's average mental characteristics, sensory abilities, physical, social behavior, emotional and communication abilities. Autism Spectrum Disorder is one of the part of children with intellectual disorders. This type of research is the qualitative research by taking relevant resources. Data sources come from literature studies both in books, journals and in research related to communication issues for children with autism also deep report. The data analysis in this study uses descriptivequalitative analysis, while the data/plant technique uses triangulation by comparing between sources or between references. Communication strategies that children with ASD can employ such as training and facilitating children in early communication, implementing democratic and authoritarian parenting styles, training children with constant verbal and nonverbal communication patterns, cultivating empathy, positive thinking, and supportive, instilling a concept of extension orientation in child rearing, and providing reward or reward. The above communication strategies can be implemented and can create an ongoing step to help parents develop the child's social interaction.
Keywords:Communication strategies, autism, social interactions, parenting styles
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